节节麦与黑麦间杂种F1胚再生植株及其双二倍体细胞遗传学分析

将节节麦与黑麦杂交,利用Fl胚愈伤组织培养再生杂种植株,对胚再生杂种F1进行秋水仙素加倍获得了节节麦和黑麦的双二倍体(1)DRR),杂种F1(DR)的减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMI)染色体构型平均为2n=10．16Ⅰ 1．86Ⅱ 0．12Ⅲ 0．00625Ⅳ,该双二倍体(DDRR)的减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMI)染色体构型平均为2n=8．676Ⅰ 9．318Ⅱ 0．019Ⅲ 0．004Ⅳ,C1的结实率平均为2．118％．该双二倍体可作为一个新的物种以及作为改良小麦的种质材料。     

Evaluation and characterization of an endosperm-specific sbeⅡa promoter in wheat

Hexaploid wheat (bread wheat) is widely grown all over the world. Wheat grain, which contains high levels of starch and protein located in the endosperm, is being developed as a 揵ioreactor?using the new gene transfor-mation technology[1]. Some new traits (such as virus and insect resistance) have been successfully introduced into key cereal crops using transgene technology, however, there are only a few reports on the studies of transgene expression in wheat because of technical difficulties…     

野生一粒小麦着丝粒RCS1相关序列的克隆鉴定

用水稻着丝粒重复序列RCS1为探针 ,与 30 72个克隆进行菌落杂交 ,得到了 32个阳性克隆 ,用RCS1与拟斯卑尔脱山羊草着丝粒重复序列Tcs2 5 0为探针进一步筛选 ,在 32个RCS1相关的阳性克隆中任选 10个克隆进行点杂交 ,分别有 6个和 5个阳性克隆 .为了克隆RCS1相关片段 ,依据RCS1的序列设计了三对引物 ,将引物 3从上述阳性克隆中扩增的一个 5 4 3bp的片段克隆测序 ,发现与水稻RCS1部分片段达到约 83%的同源 ,与大麦的反转座子 (Ty3 gypsy)部分序列同源性达到了 92 % ,与节节麦中着丝粒的整合酶基因部分序列同源性达到了 96 % ,命名为TBRCS1.TBRCS1可能是野生一粒小麦着丝粒区的组成部分     

小麦种质资源SNTE0537与原始亲本叶表皮微观形貌特征的比较

为研究小麦桥梁种质资源SNTE0537及其原始亲本的叶表皮微观形貌特征的异同,利用扫描电子显微镜对从中间偃麦草与普通小麦品种烟农15远缘杂交后代中选育的小麦桥梁种质资源SNTE0537及其原始亲本进行了叶表皮电子显微形态学比较。结果表明,SNTE0537叶表皮微观形貌特征介于双亲之间,与其原始亲本有着比较明显的差异,叶表皮的微观形貌特征可以做为鉴别三个物种的依据。     

Development of Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus ditelosomic substitution line 7Lr#1S（7A） with resistance to wheat scab and its meiotic behavior analysis

Leymus racemosus is highly resistant to wheat scab （Fusarum head bright）. The transfer of scab resistant gene from L. racemosus to Triticum aestivum is of great significance for broadening the base of wheat resistance. In the present study, the pollen of T. aestivum-L, racemosus monosomic addition line with scab resistance was treated by irradiation with 1200 R ^60Co-γ-rays prior to pollinating to emasculated wheat cv. Mianyang 85-45. Nine plants with a telocentric chromosome 7Lr#1S were observed in M1, and one ditelosomic substitution line 7Lr#1S was selected from selfcrossing progenies and confirmed by chromosome C-banding and GISH. Furthermore, a co-dominant EST-SSR marker CINAU 31 was employed to identify this substitution line. A pair of chromosome 7A of common wheat were found to be replaced by a pair of telocentric chromosome 7Lr#1S, and further investigation showed that chromosome configuration of the substitution line at MI of PMCs after GISH was 17.50Ⅱ^w ＋ 2.19Ⅱ^w ＋ 0.42Ⅱ^7Lr#1S ＋ 1.08 Ⅰ^7Lr#1S ＋ 0.69 Ⅰ^w. Two telocentric chromosomes paired as a bivalent in 59.7% of PMCs. Abnormal chromosome behaviors of telocentric chromosomes were observed in part of PMCs at anaphase I and telophase I, including the moving of two telocentric chromosomes to the same pole, lagging and earlier separation of their sister chromatid. All these abnormal behaviors can be grouped into three distinct types of tetrads according to different numbers of 7Lr#1S in their daughter cells and various micronucleus in some tetrads. However, due to the high transmission frequency of the female and male gametes with a 7Lr#1S, 84% of the selfcrossing progeny plants had ditelosomic substitution. The substitution line showed high resistance to wheat scab in a successive two-year test both in the greenhouse and field; hence, the line will be particularly valuable for alien gene mapping, small fragment translocation induction and telosomic cytological behavior analysis.     

赖草属的优良基因导入小麦的研究进展

报道了赖草属各种植物的优良特性及其优良基因用于改普通小麦的研究进展,并着重介绍了小麦－多枝赖草异附加系统选育的研究现状和远缘杂交所存在的问题和解决办法。     

硬粒小麦(Tdurum)×天蓝偃麦草(Elytrigia glacum)属间杂种无性系的建立

本实验以“人民麦”ד天蓝偃麦草”F_0成熟胚、F_1幼穗及“珂珂瑞特”ד天蓝偃麦草”F_1幼穗为外植体。在Ms+2mg/2、4—D的培养基上诱导愈伤组织、在无激素的Ms培养基上,诱导再生植株。产生胚性愈伤组织的频率最高为78.9%,实体显微镜及电镜观察表明:胚性愈伤组织表面存在许多胚状体,植株再生方式为体细胞胚胎发生方式,再生频率最高为100%。胚性愈伤组织经13个月的继代培养仍具有再生能力,实验结果表明:1cm左右的幼穗为较合适的外值体。2mg/l2.4—D对胚性愈伤组织的诱导、增殖起重要作用,本实验发现一种特殊分化现象。即小花结构的分化。对产生这种现象的原因进行了分析。     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus reciprocal chromosomal translocation T7DS·5LrL/T5LrS·7DL

In order to induce chromosome translocation between wheat chromosomes and chromosome 5Lr of Leymus racemosus, the mi- crosporocytes during meiosis of T. aestivum-L. racemosus disomic addition line DA5Lr were irradiated by 60Co γ-rays 800 R (100 R/min). Before flowering, the treated spikes were emasculated and bagged. After 2-3 d, the emasculated flowerets were pollinated using pollens from T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. One plant with two translocation chromosomes involved in both the long and short arm of...     

提摩菲维小麦×天兰偃麦草双二倍体的选育及细胞遗传

提摩菲维小麦×天兰偃麦草F_1,经秋水仙素处理获双二倍体,根尖染色体数为70,减数分裂中期Ⅰ有35个二价体,形态为两亲的中间型略倾向天兰偃麦草,植株健壮,对小麦多种病害免疫或高抗,抗寒耐干旱、多年生、种子蛋白质含量高,花药育性为80—90％,结实率8.03％,种子千粒重18克。双二倍体种子发芽率为42.1％,结实率与亲本相似或略高于亲本,种子饱满度好于亲本,千粒重22克。为一新的更有经济价值可与小麦杂交的遗传资源。     

小麦与高冰草原生质体融合及再生能力的恢复

以普通小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）济南１７７悬浮细胞来源的原生质体与高冰草（Ａｇｒｏｐｙｒｏｎｅｌｏｎｇａｔｕｍ）愈伤组织来源的原生质体用ＰＥＧ法诱导融合．由于来源材料的长期继代，小麦原生质体的再生能力已很低；高冰草原生质体不能分裂；而融合产物却能高频率的分化出完整植株．融合再生植株的表型类似高冰草，染色体数目和同工酶谱亦然．但它们早期发育的模式与小麦相似．