BYDV CP基因转化小麦原生质体及转基因植株再生

用原生质体融合技术与ＰＥＧ介导的直接转基因方法相结合，使高频率分裂的小麦济南１７７悬浮细胞系原生质体与具有分化能力的小麦济南１７７胚性意伤组织原生质体融合，形成具有分裂和分化能力的融合细胞；同时，利用ＰＥＧ对原生质体的直接转基因作用，将带有抗病毒基因（ＢＹＤＶＣＹｇｅｎｅ）的质粒Ｐｐｐ１５与带有抗性选择标记基因的质粒严ＰＢｌＡｃｔＳＮ导入融合细胞中．经抗性筛选获得抗潮霉素（Ｈｍ）的阳性克隆并再生植株．对再生植株作ＰＣＲ检测表明，ＣＰ基因已整合到转化植株的基因组中并稳定表达．     

小麦三雌蕊基因Pis1的多效性研究初报

利用小麦三雌蕊突变体与绵阳29杂交,再以绵阳29为轮回亲本,多次回交,并结合人工选择,构建了小麦三雌蕊性状的近等基因系.对小麦三雌蕊突变体,绵阳29以及小麦三雌蕊性状近等基因系的小穗数﹑穗长﹑穗粒数﹑叶长﹑叶宽﹑茎粗﹑千粒重和单株粒重等8个农艺性状进行了分析,结果表明:其中除小穗数和穗长没有显著性差异,其余6个农艺性状均表现出显著性差异.近等基因系在穗粒数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗和单株粒重这5个农艺性状明显高于轮回亲本,而千粒重明显低于轮回亲本.由此可见Pis1基因有增加穗粒数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗和单株粒重的效应,有降低千粒重的副效益.     

Analysis of DNA methylation variation in wheat genetic background after alien chromatin introduction based on methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism

During the process of alien germplasm introduced into wheat genome by chromosome engineering, extensive genetic variations of genome structure and gene expression in recipient could be induced. In this study, we performed GISH （genome in situ hybridization） and AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） on wheat-rye chromosome translocation lines and their parents to detect the identity in genomic structure of different translocation lines. The results showed that the genome primary structure variations were not obviously detected in different translocation lines except the same 1RS chromosome translocation. Methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism （MSAP） analyses on genomic DNA showed that the ratios of fully-methylated sites were significantly increased in translocation lines （CN12, 20.15%; CN17, 20.91%; CN18, 22.42%）, but the ratios of hemimethylated sites were significantly lowered （CN12, 21.41%; CN17, 23.43%; CN18, 22.42%）, whereas 16.37% were fully-methylated and 25.44% were hemimethylated in case of their wheat parent. Twenty-nine classes of methylation patterns were identified in a comparative assay of cytosine methylation patterns between wheat-rye translocation lines and their wheat parent, including 13 hypermethylation patterns （33.74%）, 9 demethylation patterns （22.76%） and 7 uncertain patterns （4.07%）. In further sequence analysis, the alterations of methylation pattern affected both repetitive DNA sequences, such as retrotransposons and tandem repetitive sequences, and low-copy DNA.     

小麦温光生态研究及其在生产中的应用进展

文章对小麦温光反应理论，温度和光照在小麦生长和发育过程中的相互关系，以及温光反应理论在生产实践中的应用新进展进行了总结，可为小麦温光生态的研究和小麦生产实践提供理论指导。     

小麦幼胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

选取 2 3个品种 (系 )及 8个杂交组合F1的幼胚作为供试材料 ,取 12～ 16日龄的幼胚接种在附加 2 ,4 -D2 0mg/L和 6 -BA 1 0mg/L的MS培养基上 ,诱导 3～ 5d后所有供试材料都具有愈伤组织。筛选出适宜的继代培养基为 :MS +2 ,4 -D 4 0mg/L +NAA 0 5mg/L +LH 5 0 0mg/L +0 5 %蔗糖 +0 85 %琼脂 ;大穗 2、昌乐 2号、抗锈 2 0 4、品系 38等材料愈伤组织生长较好。植株再生适宜的培养基为 1/2MS +NAA 0 5mg/L +6 -BA0 5mg/L +0 3%蔗糖 +0 85 %琼脂。抗锈 2 0 4、昌乐 2号、优 2 6 5 /昌乐 2号、优 2 6 5 /京选 6号、优 2 6 5 /有芒白 4号等 5个供试材料分化率较高 ;杂交胚与常规品种比较 ,幼苗分化率表现出较强的杂种优势     

小麦染色体和间期集缩染色质孔洞及内在结构的观察

对小麦根端分生组织进行常规电镜观察的结果表明：小麦染色体和间期集缩染色质中均存在孔洞，里面有由颗粒和纤维构成的、类似于骨架的结构，对有关染色体骨架和染色质骨架之间以及它们与核基质之间的相互关系进行了讨论。     

矮秆种质的赤霉酸反应和株高遗传模型的分析

通过赤霉酸处理及遗传模型分析小麦／冰草衍生系的矮秆种质得知：8个矮秆种质均为赤霉酸不敏感型。其中的3648—3652的株高是多基因控制的数量性状,其遗传模型是两对主基因加多对微效基因控制的混合遗传模型。     

阿拉拉特小麦染色体的C-带和N-带分析

应用Ｃ－分带和喧技术对阿拉拉特小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｒｍ ａｒａｒａｔｉｃｕｍ Ｊａｋｕｂｚ,２ｎ＝２８,Ａ＾ｂＡ＾ｂＧＧ）的根尖细胞进行染色体构成分析,结果分析,结果表明：（１）Ｃ－分带和Ｎ－分带方法均可以使阿拉拉特不麦染色体显示稳定带型;（２）根据带型可以明确区分阿拉拉特不麦各条染色体;（３）阿拉拉特小麦Ａ、Ｇ组染色体带型与普通小麦Ａ、Ｂ组染色体带型差异明显,利用分带方法可以区分阿拉拉特小麦与普通     

A combination of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 and lesion mimic gene lm significantly enhances adult plant resistance to Puccinia triticina in wheat

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is an economically-important disease in wheat worldwide.A combination of different types of resistance genes may significantly enhance rust resistance under rust-favorable conditions.To investigate the interactions between the rust resistance gene Lr34 and the lesion mimic gene lm on 1BL in Ning 7840,a segregating F8-10 population of 180 recombinant inbred lines was developed from Ning 7840/Chokwang and evaluated for both lesion mimic expression and leaf rust response at the adult plant stage in a greenhouse.A major quantitative trait locus(QTL),derived from Sumai 3,was co-localized with Lr34 on chromosome 7D and explained 41.5% of phenotypic variations for rust severity and 22.1% for leaf tip necrosis(LTN).The presence of Lr34 was confirmed by Lr34-specific markers cssfr1 and cssfr2 in Ning 7840 and Sumai 3.Unlike Lr34,lm conditioned a spontaneous lesion mimic phenotype and had a significant effect on reducing uredinial size,and a smaller effect on severity.Additive effects were observed between lm and Lr34 for severity and LTN,and an epistatic effect was observed for infection type.Single marker analysis also identified several other QTL with minor effects on severity,infection type,or LTN.