南大西洋至几内亚湾冬季海浪传播特性

为解决南大西洋至几内亚湾海域的海浪组成成分、传播特性及来源这3个该海域一直需要解决的问题，建立SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore）双层嵌套海浪模型对南大西洋至几内亚湾冬季海浪时空分布进行模拟分析，结果表明：南大西洋海浪有效波高呈高纬度区（30°S以南）向低纬度区（30°S以北）递减的趋势 ，高纬度区海浪传播方向与风场关系密切，低纬度区则与风场差异明显；南大西洋涌浪波高与混合浪波高分布高度相关，涌浪在混合浪中所占比例较大，尤其在风速较小的低纬度海域更为显著；南大西洋中部至几内亚湾存在相对固定的S-SW涌浪系统，其能量在二维海浪谱上分布集中，空间方向上分布范围较窄；模拟时段内几内亚湾呈明显的涌浪主导状态，通过对有效波高最大时刻的一次涌浪过程溯源发现，影响几内亚湾的涌浪可追溯至约6.5天前南大西洋咆哮西风带海域的强风浪。     

清教伦理对美国商业启蒙的影响

清教徒因宗教迫害而迁移到北美大陆，同时也将他们的信仰一并带去。清教伦理的宗旨是通过荣耀上帝而得到自我救赎，因此它不单纯是一种信仰，更是一种生活方式。清教伦理强调个人主义，主张高效工作，毫不掩饰对利润的追求，无形中成为美国商业发展的精神源动力，完成了对美国商业的启蒙，为美国商业的形成和进步打下了坚实的精神基础。文章力图改变原来“经济基础决定上层建筑”的论证方式，从相反角度去诠释清教伦理对商业精神形成产生的重要作用．     

黔南石炭系层序地层格架中碳酸盐岩成岩作用研究

在三级层序地层格架内,从体系域及层序界面的角度对黔南石炭系碳酸盐岩的成岩作用进行了研究.结果表明,与LST有关的成岩作用主要为范围广泛的暴露溶蚀作用;与TST有关的成岩作用主要发育于海底成岩环境和混合水成岩环境,其中后者会随着海平面的不断上升而向大陆迁移;与HST有关的成岩作用主要包括发育于海底成岩环境的胶结作用及高位晚期的大气淡水成岩环境中的溶蚀、胶结和白云石化作用.与Ⅰ型层序界面有关的成岩作用主要有溶蚀作用、胶结作用和白云石化作用,成岩时间长、强度大,并且在黔南可进行区域对比;与Ⅱ型层序界面相关的成岩作用发育规模小,对碳酸盐岩的改造能力较弱.与HST有关的成岩作用及与Ⅰ型层序界面有关的成岩作用对碳酸盐岩储层的改造能力强,往往可形成厚层的白云岩及规模较大的溶蚀孔洞体系,因此,可以作为有利储层追踪对比及预测的有力地质依据之一.     

Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current

Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ’) in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

南海北部浮游植物的时空异质性研究

 为研究南海北部浮游植物时空变化规律及其与海洋环境响应关系,采用1997-2002年开展的“南海专属经济区和大陆架渔业资源及其栖息环境调查”所取得的浮游植物调查数据,利用GIS空间局部插值法构建景观分析模型,对南海北部浮游植物时空异质性进行了分析。结果表明,南海北部海区浮游植物密度变化范围为0.03(4 179×10⁴ 个/m³,总平均为87.2×10⁴ 个/m³,夏冬春秋四季浮游植物平均密度由高至低。南海北部浮游植物总体近海高于远海,且在近海海域呈斑块状分布格局,斑块一般出现在北部湾中北部上升流区、粤东遮浪上升流区、台湾浅滩上升流区和粤西沿岸电白-阳江上升流区等南海北部几个重要上升流区内。浮游植物密度最高值斑块一般随着季风和沿岸流的季节转换而交替向东或向西方向进行有规律的漂移。     

南非世界杯足球赛参赛运动员年龄与身体形态特征统计分析

利用文献资料、数据统计和比较分析等方法,从数据平均值特征、位置结构特征和地域分布特征3个维度对2010年南非世界杯足球赛决赛阶段736名参赛运动员年龄、身高、体质量和克托莱指数4个指标进行统计比较研究.结果表明:32支队伍参赛队员平均年龄、身高、体质量和克托莱指数分别为27.2岁,181.7cm,76.1kg,418.8;非洲、美洲、欧洲和亚洲各个球队门将、后卫队员、中场队员和前锋队员在年龄、身高、体质量和克托莱指数上存在一定的差异.     

南淝河水环境质量的改进密切值法综合评价

密切值法是多目标决策中的一种优选法,它适用于多测点、多指标的质量评价;水环境是一个多因素、多因子的复合体,因此可以用密切值法来进行评价。文章对合肥市南淝河水环境质量用密切值法进行了综合评价,评价项目取该河14个监测点的主要污染物CODcr、TP及NH3-N等3项监测指标作为评价因子,得出了评价结果并对污染程度进行了排序;与向量模评价法进行比较,结果表明该方法切实可行。     

闽南地区农村住宅安全性现状及防灾建议

在对厦门市海沧区近9 000栋农村住宅的安全性和耐久性现状普查基础上,分析该地区农村住宅的结构类型分布特点和不同类型房屋的安全性等级分布.针对该地区农村住宅存在的安全性和耐久性问题,提出该地区农村住宅防御自然灾害,特别是防御地震灾害的相关建议.     

南水北调对汉江中游襄樊市生态环境影响研究

南水北调中线工程实施后。对汉江中下游地区农业灌溉、城市发展、工业生产、航运、水质以及生态环境等产生较大的影响．分析和评价了中线工程对汉江中游襄樊市生态环境的影响,并提出了一些相应对策：进行生态环境安全规划、管理;兴建崔家营、新集水利枢纽工程;加强水污染控制和生态环境保护;加大水土保持力度,发展生态农业、生态林业、生态旅游业．确保生态环境建设的持续性、安全性和高效益性,使南水北凋中线工程调水给襄樊市造成的影响降到最低限度。促进襄樊市社会经济生态环境的可持续发展．