The morals of model-making

I address questions about values in model-making in engineering, specifically: Might the role of values be attributable solely to interests involved in specifying and using the model? Selected examples illustrate the surprisingly wide variety of things one must take into account in the model-making itself. The notions of system (as used in engineering thermodynamics), and physically similar systems (as used in the physical sciences) are important and powerful in determining what is relevant to an engineering model. Another example (windfarms) illustrates how an idea to completely re-characterize, or reframe, an engineering problem arose during model-making.I employ a qualitative analogue of the notion of physically similar systems. Historical cases can thus be drawn upon; I illustrate with a comparison between a geoengineering proposal to inject, or spray, sulfate aerosols, and two different historical cases involving the spraying of DDT (fire ant eradication; malaria eradication). The current geoengineering proposal is seen to be like the disastrous and counterproductive case, and unlike the successful case, of the spraying of DDT. I conclude by explaining my view that model-making in science is analogous to moral perception in action, drawing on a view in moral theory that has come to be called moral particularism.     

一个非线性输运方程的相似解

本文利用Lie一Backlund变换求了一个非线性输运方程，并给出了该方程的相似解。     

ASYMPTOTIC SIMILARITY OF INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS TO STABILITY

1.IntroductionInfinite-dimensionallinearsystemstheory,itiseasytoverifythatthespectrumandtheexponentialgroWthboundarepreservedunderasimilaritytransformation.ThispropertyisaIsosatisfiedfortheinfinite-dimensionalcaseifthesimilarityoperatorisboundedandbound-edlyinvertible.Inthisnote,weilltroduceageneralizationoftheconceptofsimilaritycalledasymptoticsimila-rityforindnite-dimensionallinearsystems.Inthefinite-dimensionalcase1similarityandasymptoticsimilarityareequivalellt.Weshowthatthisasymptoticsi…     

基于顾客感知的铁路客运服务质量评价

从旅客需求的角度出发，针对旅客对铁路客运服务质量的感知是用模糊语言表示的情况，提出了一种基于模糊语言之间相似度的多属性分析方法。该方法通过集结顾客对铁路客运服务质量的感知评价，运用相似关系确定出各铁路客运公司分别与正理想和负理想客运公司的相似度，得出顾客对铁路客运服务质量的综合偏好，该偏好结构具有符合现实决策行为的偏序结构。通过实例分析表明：该方法科学、有效，可以指导铁路客运公司的策略制定。     

飘逝与渐悟——评《占有》中的两段爱情

A．S．拜厄特在小说《占有》中讲述了两段动人的爱情故事：其一为百年前维多利亚时期的男、女诗人艾什和拉摩特“飘逝”的爱情悲剧；其二为当代英国男、女学者罗兰和莫德“渐悟”的爱情喜剧。它们在小说中交叉前行，构成了小说的叙述主线。艾什、拉摩特的爱情是罗兰、莫德爱情成功的主要推动力量。两段爱情故事虽相隔百年历史，但都生动地阐释了爱情的伟大和不可或缺性，其主人公在爱情追求和对待爱情的态度等方面都表现出相似和不同之处。     

Bounds of Resemblance Measures for Binary (Presence/Absence) Variables

Bounds of association coefficients for binary variables are derived using the arithmetic-geometric-harmonic mean inequality. More precisely, it is shown which presence/absence coefficients are bounds with respect to each other. Using the new bounds it is investigated whether a coefficient is in general closer to either its upper or its lower bound. The author would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and valuable suggestions on earlier versions of this article.     

皖江城市带产业结构分析与协调发展研究

在构建产业同构和行业分工测评指标体系基础上,运用相似系数和专业化系数对皖江城市带产业整体及工业行业相似程度、专业化程度进行评价,明确皖江各市优势产业及相关行业,提出皖江城市带产业协调发展提升路径．     

基于个体相似度交叉率自适应的遗传算法

标准遗传算法的交叉运算以固定的交叉率进行操作。即不管遗传个体之间的相似程度，所有个体的染色体均以不变的概率进行交叉。本文根据交叉配对个体之间的相似度值自适应地确定交叉率，相似度值大的交叉个体以较小的概率进行交叉．而相似度值小的个体以较大的概率进行交叉。通过这种方法，可以提高遗传寻优计算的效率，加快遗传算法的收敛速度。     

并行控制系统设计中的优化方法

本文讨论了并行控制系统中不同任务之间相似度的量化测度——相似指数的概念,给出了在几种不同情况下相似指数的定义、计算方法及其应用实例。     

成组加工中的相似性分析与分组

对机械产品、部件和零件进行相似性分析和分组,是成组技术的核心内容。本文提出了相似性分析必须与分组目标相结合、产品相似性分析和划分成三种类型生产单元的观点。针对目前国内外流行的代码法和工艺流程分析法所存在的问题,提出了将两种方法有机结合起来的综合实用分类成组的方法。