含玻璃相固体废物的蒸压反应特性

通过傅里叶变换红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析等方法研究了粉煤灰、废玻璃和矿渣等固体废弃物-石灰体系的蒸压反应特性.结果表明:1.2MPa饱和蒸汽压下,固体废弃物的 Si-O 伸缩振动频率越低,其蒸压样品的结合水量越大,水热反应能力越强;粉煤灰、废玻璃的 Si-O 伸缩振动频率越低,其蒸压样品的强度越高;矿渣蒸压样品的强度与矿渣的 Si-O 伸缩振动频率表现出不同于其他两种固体废弃物的规律,这主要是因为矿渣中的活性铝参与了反应,形成大量的水石榴石,导致其蒸压样品的强度下降.     

钙钛矿锰氧化物Nd0.5Sr0.3Ba0.2MnO3多晶的磁性和相分离

通过固相反应法合成Nd0.5Sr0.3Ba0.2MnO3多晶样品,采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、超导量子磁强计(SQUID)和电子自旋共振谱仪(ESR),对样品的结构和磁性进行了研究.XRD检测结果表明,样品为单相,空间群为Pbnm.磁性测量和ESR结果表明,在降温过程中,样品经历了铁磁有序转变(TC=250K)、电荷有序转变(TCO=190K)和反铁磁转变(TN=120K).通过ESR谱线的参数随温度的变化可以观察到各个磁有序转变温度,TN相似文献   

用EGSnrc程序包对单能电子实验过程影响因素的研究

本文运用蒙特卡罗程序EGSinpRZ和EGSnrcMP模拟了不同能量的单能电子入射过程中与AL吸收物质的作用,得到了该过程产生的并且进入了灵敏区的轫致辐射光子和散射电子平均能量以及他们在相应情况下的百分比,结合两种计算方法(全峰面积法TPA和半峰面积法SPA)讨论了轫致辐射和散射对测量结果的影响;研究了实验所用放射源与其包装材料产生的轫致辐射光子对测量的影响;同时用EGSnrcMP程序模拟了吸收曲线,并与实验吸收曲线相比较,讨论了环境本底对计数的影响.     

激光损伤过程中导带电子产生机理

价带电子跃迁至导带形成自由电子,长激光脉冲作用时,自由电子吸收能量并传给晶格,使材料温度升高;短激光脉冲作用时,自由电子发生碰撞离化,使导带中电子数目急剧上升,当材料达到一定温度或自由电子达到临界浓度时便发生损伤．随着激光技术的发展,人们不断的完善导带电子的产生机理,以达到计算值与实验结果相一致;激光脉冲越短,越多的光-电子相互作用机制会影响导带电子的产生,雪崩离化、多光子离化、导带电子衰减及导带电子能量分布等相互耦合,导带自由电子的产生过程非常复杂．文中综述了激光损伤过程中导带电子产生的机理模型,并提出了应用于亚皮秒及飞秒激光脉冲的耦合多速率方程．     

New crystal structure of molecular complex 1-piperidine carboxylate-piperidinium-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction

Piperidine absorbs CO2 and H2O in air to form a molecular complex： piperidium-l-piperidinecarboxylate-H2O. The structure of the complex was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure was determined to be triclinic, space group P1^-with a=0.648 6（8） nm, b=0.809 200） nm, c= 1.357 1（16） nm, a=96.96706）°, β =102.506（15）°,γ=104.202 05）°, Z=2. The complex is stabilized via five hydrogen bonds between the three components, N-O electrostatic interaction and O-O interaction （electron transfer） betweenl-piperidinecarboxylate and H2O. Due to electron transference of carbamate ion, the oxygen atom in water molecule is strongly negatively charged and the O-H bond is considerably shorter than that of the free molecule of water. The formation of the molecular complex is a reversible process and will decompose upon heating. The mechanism of formation and stabilization is further investigated herein.     

石墨烯在锂离子电池材料中大有可为

锂离子电池是一种典型的可充电电池,在储能技术领域占主导地位,应用极为广泛。近年来,科技发展对锂离子电池提出了更高要求,包括高能量密度、高安全稳定性等,驱动着电池材料与结构不断创新发展。研制石墨烯基复合正极负极材料,是极为活跃的方向。在此,对锂离子电池的结构、面临的突出挑战以及石墨烯基正极和负极材料研究前沿进行了介绍,重点围绕石墨烯增强电极材料电学特性的基本原理和复合材料制备技术作了阐述,也提出了未来发展动向。     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

原位观察电子束辐照下双壁碳纳米管的不稳定性

室温下利用高分辨透射电子显微镜原位观察了两端固定和一端固定、另一端自由的双壁碳纳米管在电子束辐照下的结构不稳定性.实验发现,在相同辐照条件下,两端固定的双壁碳纳米管首先径向持续均匀收缩,然后局部颈缩,最后在颈缩处断裂;一端固定、另一端自由的双壁碳纳米管轴向长度持续快速缩小,而径向收缩相对缓慢.我们利用最近提出的表面纳米曲率效应和能量束诱导非热激活效应基础上新发展的碳原子"融蒸"和"扩散"机制,对上述电子束辐照下双壁碳纳米管结构不稳定现象进行了全新、合理的解释.     

不同充水状态下隧道植绒排水管防除结晶的效果研究

为了研究不同充水状态下隧道植绒排水管防除结晶的效果,通过在普通PVC管内壁,采用热处理,将植绒膜光滑一侧紧贴PVC管内壁,选取绒毛长度分别为0.4 mm和0.8 mm;在两种不同充水条件下,对比分析普通PVC管、0.4 mm植绒PVC管以及0.8 mm植绒PVC管结晶物变化规律。利用电镜扫描绒毛上的结晶物,分析结晶物与绒毛的粘结形态。结果表明:在半管流条件下,随着时间的增长,植绒PVC管结晶量有先增大后逐渐稳定或者减小的趋势;普通PVC管基本上呈缓慢增加的趋势,且到某一阶段结晶量显著增加而到另外一阶段又显著减小,满管流条件下变化规律相似;对于普通PVC管而言,满管流情况下管道内壁越不容易附着结晶物;对于植绒PVC管而言,结晶物附着的难易程度与绒毛长度有着密切关系。可见植绒PVC管对隧道排水管除结晶有一定的作用,绒毛长度应根据排水管充水状态选取,以充分发挥绒毛除结晶的效果。