Apoptotic cell death in the lactating mammary gland is enhanced by a folding variant of α-lactalbumin

Apoptosis is essential to eliminate secretory epithelial cells during the involution of the mammary gland. The environmental regulation of this process is however, poorly understood. This study tested the effect of HAMLET (human -lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) on mammary cells. Plastic pellets containing HAMLET were implanted into the fourth inguinal mammary gland of lactating mice for 3 days. Exposure of mammary tissue to HAMLET resulted in morphological changes typical for apoptosis and in a stimulation of caspase-3 activity in alveolar epithelial cells near the HAMLET pellets but not more distant to the pellet or in contralateral glands. The effect was specific for HAMLET and no effects were observed when mammary glands were exposed to native a-lactalbumin or fatty acid alone. HAMLET also induced cell death in vitro in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line. The results suggest that HAMLET can mediate apoptotic cell death in mammary gland tissue.Received 30 January 2004; received after revision 5 March 2004; accepted 16 March 2004     

高校写作教学内容与中小学写作教学内容的衔接对策

长期以来,高校写作教学内容的设置,不以现有中小学写作教学内容为参照,同中小学写作教学内容多有重复,没有建立起合理的教学结构,使得高校写作教学效益不高。通过对二者之间的重复进行比较、分析,提出高校写作教学同中小学写作教学内容衔接的相应对策。     

Integrated semantic similarity model based on ontology

To solve the problem of the inadequacy of semantic processing in the intelligent question answering system. an integrated semantic similarity model which calculates the semantic similarity using the geometric distance and informarion content is presented in this paper. With the help of interrelationship between concepts, the information content ofconcepts and the strength of the edges in the ontology network. we can calculate the semantic similarity between two concepts and provide information for the further calculation of the semantic similarity between user‘s question and answers in knowlegdge base. The results of the experiments on the prototype have shown that the semantic problem in natural language processing can also be solved with the help of the knowledge and the abundant semantic information in ontology. More than 90% accuracy with less than 50 ms average searching time in the intelligent question answering prototype system based on ontology has been reached. The result is vety satisfied.     

禀经酌伟 弥纶一代－《中国现代寓言史纲》读后

《中国现代寓言史纲》是陈蒲清先生《中国古代寓言史》的续篇,是又一部填补空白 的著作。他的问世,不仅完成了他中国寓言史的宏大建构,而且,通过对我国现代寓言史的全面、深入地探究、总结,将会极大地推动我国当代的寓言研究与寓言创作向前发展。     

Role of Cys221 and Asn116 in the zinc-binding sites of the Aeromonas hydrophila metallo-β-lactamase

The CphA metallo--lactamase produced by Aeromonas hydrophila exhibits two zinc-binding sites. Maximum activity is obtained upon binding of one zinc ion, whereas binding of the second zinc ion results in a drastic decrease in the hydrolytic activity. In this study, we analyzed the role of Asn116 and Cys221, two residues of the active site. These residues were replaced by site-directed mutagenesis and the different mutants were characterized. The C221S and C221A mutants were seriously impaired in their ability to bind the first, catalytic zinc ion and were nearly completely inactive, indicating a major role for Cys221 in the binding of the catalytic metal ion. By contrast, the binding of the second zinc ion was only slightly affected, at least for the C221S mutant. Mutation of Asn116 did not lead to a drastic decrease in the hydrolytic activity, indicating that this residue does not play a key role in the catalytic mechanism. However, the substitution of Asn116 by a Cys or His residue resulted in an approximately fivefold increase in the affinity for the second, inhibitory zinc ion. Together, these data suggested that the first zinc ion is located in the binding site involving the Cys221 and that the second zinc ion binds in the binding site involving Asn116 and, presumably, His118 and His196.Received 3 March 2003; received after revision 4 August 2003; accepted 25 August 2003     

一个初审/复审协作式反垃圾邮件系统

提出了一个反垃圾邮件系统的三层模型,并使用初审/复审流程建立了一种协作式反垃圾邮件系统功能框架.在该功能框架下,初审使用基于规则匹配的邮件过滤技术,快速处理海量邮件,将邮件分成正常、垃圾和疑似垃圾邮件三类;复审使用内容分析技术对疑似垃圾邮件进行甄别,同时使用基于反馈学习的自适应技术更新初审规则.基于该功能框架,设计并实现了一个反垃圾邮件系统,应用在邮件系统中进行了实测.实验结果表明,该系统可以有效地处理垃圾邮件,系统的漏报率〈3.7%,误报率〈0.6%,性能高于公开的反垃圾邮件产品性能.     

内容违法的民事行为的效力的比较研究

内容违法的民事行为包括违反强制性规定和违反公序良俗两种情形,违反公序良俗的民事行为一律无效,而违反强制性规定的民事行为未必全部无效,需要对强制性规定进行类型化和综合判断。     

新课程背景下的小学数学课堂教学评价

小学数学课堂教学评价,是学校教研活动最常见的一种形式,也是评估课堂教学质量的重要手段.一直以来,课堂教学评价的关注点都是以"教师"为主,主要关注的是教师的课堂表现.新课程提出,关注学生在课堂教学中的表现应成为课堂教学评价的主要内容,主张以学论教、以教促学,充分体现以评价促进学生发展和教师专业成长的双重功能.     

正交试验法优选复方秦皮水提工艺条件的研究

目的:优选复方秦皮的水提工艺条件.方法:以秦皮乙素含量作为考察指标,以紫外分光光度法测定秦皮乙素含量,以加水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数为影响因素,选用L9(34)表进行正交实验.结果:优选工艺为加水量为7倍,煎煮3次,每次煎煮1.5h.结论:优选工艺提取的浸膏中秦皮乙素含量较高.