The ‘Popperian Programme’ and mathematics: Part II: From quasi-empiricism to mathematical research Programmes

In the first part of this article I investigated the Popperian roots of Lakatos's Proofs and Refutations, which was an attempt to apply, and thereby to test, Popper's theory of knowledge in a field—mathematics—to which it had not primarily been intended to apply. While Popper's theory of knowledge stood up gloriously to this test, the new application gave rise to new insights into the heuristic of mathematical development, which necessitated further clarification and improvement of some Popperian methodological maxims. In the present part I analyze this second phase in the development of Lakatos's Popperian programme in mathematics, and its connection to the methodology of scientific research programmes.     

Saving the Strong Programme: a critique of Stephen Kemp’s recent paper

In this paper I intend to discuss some of the views put forward by Stephen Kemp in his recent critique of the Strong Program (Kemp, 2005). In particular I will try to defend David Bloor’s SSK against the charge of weak idealism brought up by Stephen Kemp in his paper. The widely held accusation, namely, according to which the social constructionist approach to scientific knowledge is strongly idealist, is already rejected by Kemp himself. He argues, however that Bloor’s attempts to divert the charge of idealism from the Strong Programme were not successful with respect to the kind of idealism that Kemp calls ‘weak idealism’, that is, treating scientific discourse as free-floating and unrelated to the world of things. I intend to argue that Kemp’s charges are unfounded when levelled at Bloor’s views on meaning and reference. Kemp deals with two issues of the Bloorian program: with the social constructionist approach to concepts as self-referential social institutions, and with the actor/analyst distinction introduced by the Strong Programmers. I will focus only on the first issue in my paper.     

带传动滑动的计算机仿真

利用计算机进行带传动滑动的动态仿真,克服了皮带试验机实验中存在的一些缺点,而且形象生动,精度高,便于优化设计和误差分析。本文就带传动的仿真原理、数学模型建立及程序设计方法诸方面进行了论述。     

户籍制度改革下渝西小城镇群众体育调查与分析

采用文献法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对＂户改＂背景下渝西小城镇群众体育现状作了调查与分析.结果表明：＂户改＂使渝西小城镇群众体育人口增加2.26%、群众体育消费人口增长了1.36%等;同时,渝西小城镇群众体育也面临＂新旧居民体育文化存在巨大差异＂、＂体育行政机构财政负担增加＂众多挑战;最后提出了在该地区推进全民健身工...     

户籍制度改革下渝西小城镇群众体育调查与分析

采用文献法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对＂户改＂背景下渝西小城镇群众体育现状作了调查与分析.结果表明：＂户改＂使渝西小城镇群众体育人口增加2.26%、群众体育消费人口增长了1.36%等;同时,渝西小城镇群众体育也面临＂新旧居民体育文化存在巨大差异＂、＂体育行政机构财政负担增加＂众多挑战;最后提出了在该地区推进全民健身工程的建议.     

矿浆浓度的超声测量

本文介绍一种把超声波在水中传播速度的测量应用于浮选法的矿浆浓度测量,它能适时测出浓度并进行过程控制。它是利用一个高速上升的调制波去推动超声换能器,获得测量信号,并进行温度补偿。     

模糊综合评判及其在化工中的应用

本文采用模糊数学方法综合处理评判产品质量的模糊信息，解决了从定性分析向定量分析的过渡，使产品质量的评价更加科学化。开发了进行模糊综合证判的程序，并提供了应用实例。     

Naturalized epistemology, or what the Strong Programme can’t explain

In this paper I argue that the Strong Programme’s aim to provide robust explanations of belief acquisition is limited by its commitment to the symmetry principle. For Bloor and Barnes, the symmetry principle is intended to drive home the fact that epistemic norms are socially constituted. My argument here is that even if our epistemic standards are fully naturalized—even relativized—they nevertheless can play a pivotal role in why individuals adopt the beliefs that they do. Indeed, sometimes the fact that a belief is locally endorsed as rational is the only reason why an individual holds it. In this way, norms of rationality have a powerful and unique role in belief formation. But if this is true then the symmetry principle’s emphasis on ‘sameness of type’ is misguided. It has the undesirable effect of not just naturalizing our cognitive commitments, but trivializing them. Indeed, if the notion of ‘similarity’ is to have any content, then we are not going to classify as ‘the same’ beliefs that are formed in accordance with deeply entrenched epistemic norms as ones formed without reflection on these norms, or ones formed in spite of these norms. My suggestion here is that we give up the symmetry principle in favor of a more sophisticated principle, one that allows for a taxonomy of causes rich enough to allow us to delineate the unique impact epistemic norms have on those individuals who subscribe to them.     

电子锁专用芯片扩展程控对讲电路设计

介绍应用电子锁ＡＳＩＣ ＳＲ３０１扩展程控对讲电路的设计思想和具体电路。     

Concepts, anomalies and reality: a response to Bloor and Fehér

In this article I respond to the defences of the Strong Programme put forward by David Bloor and Márta Fehér in this issue. I dispute the claim that it is attention to only limited parts of the Strong Programme framework that allows me to argue that this approach: (i) leads to weak idealism, (ii) undermines the idea that theories have varying levels of instrumental success, and (iii) challenges the theoretical claims of scientific actors. Rather, I argue that these problematic positions are entailed by the constructionist tenets at the core of the Strong Programme.