上海某工业区香樟叶片对多氯联苯的富集

为了探讨某工区香樟叶片对多氯联苯(PCBs)的富集能力及影响因素,连续1a采其周边香樟叶片样品,参考EPA 8000系列方法,用GC/ECD及GC/MS分析样品中PCBs各组分含量.结果发现,氯碱厂、焦化厂和电厂叶片中PCBs浓度分别在0.38~0.67、0.71~27.2和0.30~32.46 ng/g之间,冬季和春季含量略高于夏季和秋季;春季和冬季以PentaCB、HaxeCB高氯取代的PCBs为主,而夏季和秋季以TetraCB为主;通过相关性分析发现,树叶对PCBs的富集与大气颗粒物PM10中PCBs浓度正相关(相关系数为0.84),与土壤负相关(相关系数为-0.84).从而推测叶片中PCBs同类物的分布与PM10、季节等存在着一定的关系;大气沉降是香樟叶片中PCBs的主要来源.     

Products Made from Nonmetallic Materials Reclaimed from Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are in all electronic equipment, so with the sharp increase of elec-tronic waste, the recovery of PCB components has become a critical research field. This paper presents a study of the reclaimation and reuse of nonmetallic materials recovered from waste PCBs. Mechanical proc-esses, such as crushing, milling, and separation, were used to process waste PCBs. Nonmetallic materials in the PCBs were separated using density-based separation with separation rates in excess of 95/. The re-covered nonmetals were used to make models, construction materials, composite boards, sewer grates, and amusement park boats. The PCB nonmetal products have better mechanical characteristics and dura-bility than traditional materials and fillers. The flexural strength of the PCB nonmetallic material composite boards is 30/ greater than that of standard products. Products derived from PCB waste processing have been brought into industrial production. The study shows that PCB nonmetals can be reused in profitable and environmentally friendly ways.     

长江三角洲地区环境中的持久性有机污染物

近几十年来,工农业的迅猛发展和化工产品的过量使用,带来了日益严重的环境问题。结合多方研究资料,总结了长江三角洲各环境介质中持久性有机污染物的含量,包括土壤、水体、沉积物和动植物体内等。总体看来,长三角各环境介质中的污染水平处于中低度水平,太湖地区尤其北部梅梁湾水体以及长江入海口近宝山样点沉积物污染水平相对较高。资料中持久性有机污染物主要以PAHs、PCBs和少量几种有机氯农药为主,其它持久性有机物例如PCDD、TBT等的研究较少。更多关于持久性有机污染物的资料,尚需要进一步完善。     

多氯联苯辛醇—水分配系数的QSPR研究和预测

建立了多氯联苯系列分子的正辛醇—水分配系数对数-log Kow的定量结构—性质关系(QSPR)。通过它可以以分子结构参数(例如,范德华体积、偶极矩和分子椭圆度)为基础估算多氯联苯系列分子的正辛醇—水分配系数。预测了一些多氯联苯的Kow。同时研究了分子结构数据对Kow的影响,结果表明对Kow影响大的主要因素是范德华体积和分子椭圆度,而分子偶极矩的影响相对较小,说明较大的有机分子在溶解时,体积因素要比偶极距作用大。非邻位取代的氯原子在苯环中的位置对Kow影响不大。     

Levels and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the atmosphere close to Chinese Great Wall Station,Antarctica: Results from XAD-resin passive air sampling

Antarctica is an important research region for assessing persistence and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, XAD-resin passive air sampling was conducted near the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica, during a one-year sampling period in 2009-2010. The air concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were at a very low level, with total PCBs in the range of 26.74-45.08 pg m 3. PCB profiles were dominated by tetra-PCBs, tri-PCBs and di-PCBs, indicating LRAT was responsible for the pollutants in the Antarctic atmosphere. The sampling site near the Chinese Great Wall Station did not show higher PCB levels than the other sites, suggesting that PCB sources associated with the Great Wall Station were negligible. PCB-11 is a non-Aroclor congener, which has specific sources compared to other Aroclor PCB congeners. PCB-11 was observed in all air samples, with an average concentration of 1.22 pg m 3. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation of PCB levels and distribution in the atmosphere around the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica.     

一株多氯联苯降解菌的分离鉴定及其生长条件优化

文章从垃圾渗滤液中分离得到一株具有降解多氯联苯能力的菌株,对其进行16srDNA序列分析,确定为枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),编号为WF1。实验考查了该菌的生长和降解特性,分别研究pH值、温度、装液量等因素对菌株降解能力的影响;并通过正交试验对其生长条件进行优化,结果表明菌株适宜生长条件与降解条件基本一致。其中pH值为最主要影响因素,温度和摇床转速为次要因素,装液量为不重要因素。pH值7.0、温度35℃、摇床转速150r/min为菌株的适宜生长条件。     

黄河头道拐段冰封期PCBs的分布特征及来源分析

以2012-2013年度黄河头道拐断面冰封期冰、水中多氯联苯的实测值为依据,剖析该断面在冰封期多氯联苯的含量分布特征,并进行来源分析。得出结论:水中ΣPCBs的质量浓度范围为10.19~53.00 ng·L-1,平均质量浓度为31.87 ng·L-1、冰中ΣPCBs的质量浓度范围为2.91~34.34 ng·L-1,平均质量浓度为15.11 ng·L-1,低氯联苯含量高于高氯联苯,这与我国曾大量生产使用低氯联苯的实际情况相符合;与2011-2012年度同期相比低氯联苯的含量增长65.7%,高氯联苯降低20.39%,总体增长28.96%。流凌期PCBs含量最大,进入冰封期阶段,PCBs含量逐步降低,融冰期有所回升。头道拐断面冰封期冰、水中PCBs的来源主要有:变压器油、油漆添加剂和造纸漂白工业。     

厦门－金门海域表层沉积物中HCHs、DDTs和PCBs的含量与分布

１９９５年１０月对厦门－金门海域表层沉积物中的有机氯农药（ＨＣＨｓ和ＤＤＴｓ）及多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）的含量与分布进行调查研究．ＨＣＨｓ、ＤＤＴｓ和ＰＣＢｓ的含量范围分别为０．０３～０．４８ｎｇ／ｇ、２．９７～９．１６ｎｇ／ｇ和０．０２～０．１１ｎｇ／ｇ．对其分布形式、残留水平以及组成等进行了评价与探讨．结果表明，厦门－金门海域基本上未受到ＨＣＨｓ和ＰＣＢｓ的污染，只受到ＤＤＴ的轻度污染．但是，ＤＤＴ近期仍有输入，新的污染源尚未根除．     

孔雀草修复重金属-多氯联苯复合污染土壤的实验研究

迄今为止,鲜有利用花卉植物修复土壤中重金属-有机物复合污染土壤的相关报道。本研究应用盆栽实验的方法,利用花卉植物孔雀草修复重金属镉（Cd）-多氯联苯（PCBs）复合污染土壤,考察孔雀草对复合污染的耐受性及其对污染物的去除率。结果显示,相对空白对照组,当PCBs初始浓度为100 μg kg-1时,植物量最高可提高27.76%,植物体地上部分对Cd的吸收量超过100 mg kg-1,其植物体内对Cd的吸收有显著性提高,PCBs的降解率也提升了42.72%。孔雀草在复合污染土壤中显示出极强的耐受性和修复潜能。 关键词 植物修复 孔雀草 污染土壤 镉 多氯联苯     

采用GC-MS法分析城市污水处理系统对PCBs的去除效果

分别采用固相萃取法和索氏提取法对城市污水处理厂中各处理工艺段的出水和污泥样品进行预处理,经净化分离出样品中的PCBs,再经GC-MS法对其进行定性和定量分析。分析结果表明:进水中7种PCBs均存在,总含量为25.25 ng.L-1;初级沉淀后的出水中PCBs总量降至15.56 ng.L-1;二级处理出水中检测出PCBs总含量为11.81 ng.L-1,深度处理出水中PCBs总浓度在4.97 ng.L-1。好氧污泥中PCBs总量较厌氧污泥中多。污水中各PCBs单体的去除率同LogKow具有良好的线性关系,证明了在污水处理系统中PCBs主要通过吸附作用转移到污泥或颗粒物上而得到去除。