松树根特异性启动子驱动的转CMO/BADH基因水稻的耐盐性研究

运用松树根特异性启动子PmPgPR10驱动把CMO/BADH双价基因转入水稻.对转基因植株根和叶的CMO酶、BADH酶活性及其它生理生化指标进行了测定.结果表明:CMO/BADH双价基因能在根部特异性表达.文章还对转基因提高植株耐盐性的机理进行了探讨.     

Experimental validation of inter-subspecific genetic diversity in rice represented by the differences between the DNA sequences of ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇

The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of ＇Nipponbare＇ originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, ＇93-11＇ is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of ＇Guang lu ai 4＇ appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers （46 InDels and 53 SSRs） polymorphic between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng＇s index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng＇s index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as ＇93-11＇ and ＇Nipponbare＇, respectively. Some polymorphic loci between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars.     

一个新的水稻矮秆突变体sd-sl的遗传与基因定位研究

新的矮秆基因的发掘、研究和利用对水稻育种和植物生长发育机制研究有重要的作用.用60Coγ射线辐照粳稻9522,获得一个能稳定遗传的突变体.该突变体表型为株高较野生型矮,叶片短而微卷.将该突变体与籼稻广陆矮杂交,F2代呈3∶1分离,说明该突变体受隐性单基因控制.通过InDel分子标记对F2代分离群体进行遗传定位,将该基因定位于第6染色体InDel标记OS604附近.随后又发展了多对有多态性的InDel分子标记,将该基因座位精细定位在InDel标记XL6-6和XL6-1之间,AP003490和AP005619上,两个引物之间的物理距离为118 kb.本研究为该克隆基因及其作用机理的探究奠定了基础.     

芸芥生物柴油的研制及排放特性试验研究

以芸芥种子油为原料,采用具有广泛的原料适用性、高催化活性的多金属氧酸盐的固体催化剂,实现酯交换反应制备生物柴油。芸芥植物油的转化率达到95%以上,生物柴油各项指标达到德国生物柴油标准,是一种安全(闪点127℃)的生物质燃料。生物柴油发动机试验表明,生物柴油可有效地降低柴油机各类污染物的排放,特别是烟度颗粒污染物,说明芸芥生物柴油是一种洁净的生物质燃料油。     

水稻悬浮体细胞胚胎发生及其特异蛋白

以水稻优良品种吉农大８号成熟种子为实验材料,建立了悬浮体细胞胚胎发生体系,并获得再生植株,对其发生过程中特异蛋白的变化,以及诱导中胚性与非胚性愈伤组织的差异等问题进行了探讨,为将来深入研究体细胞胚胎发生机理奠定了基础,实验结果表明,不同培养偌上诱导的胚性愈伤组织的发生频率是不同的,基本培养基ＮＭＢ诱导形成的愈伤组织在适当激素浓度下,可由悬浮培养产生体细胞胚,转移到固体培养基上后,得到再生植株,对这一过程进行的组织学观察证实该形态发生途径是单细胞起源的体细胞胚胎发生,利用ＳＤＳ－聚合烯酰胺凝胶电泳比较体细胞胚胎发生中不同时期可溶性蛋白组分的差异,发现相对分子质量为５９０００的蛋白组分存在于分化初期的球形胚中,相对分子质量为５６０００的蛋白组分仅在早期成熟胚中出现;在分化出幼叶的晚期成熟胚中具有相对分子质量为３２０     

Isolation of cDNA fragment of fertility-related gene in photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile rice

The photoperiod_sensitive genic male sterile rice (PGMR) is particularly useful to take advantage of heterosis in rice. mRNA differential display was used to isolate the fertility_relative genes in rice. After establishing an optimized mRNA differential display system, one of the differential cDNA fragments that maybe related to the development and maturation of rice panicle was cloned from a PGMR Nongken 58S.     

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)磷酸盐转运蛋白编码基因的表达研究

研究揭示了水稻磷酸盐转运蛋白编码基因的表达．低磷处理下，根系与叶片中的PTW-J，转录子迅速表达，处理7d时达到最高表达量．PTW-J mRNA的诱导积累具有元素的专一性，因为在缺氮、缺钾与缺铁情况下此基因不表达．缺磷处理后恢复供磷，PTW-J转录子积累量明显降低．这些结果说明，PTW-J基因表达是对磷素缺乏的早期反应机制．     

Conditional and unconditional mapping of quantitative trait loci underlying plant height and tiller number in rice (Oryza sativa L.)grown at two nitrogen levels

In this study, we used 127 double haploid (DH) lines to analyze agricultural traits of rice. The DH lines, derived from a ZYQ8 (indica)/JX17 (japonica) cross by anther culture, contained 160 RFLP and 83 SSR markers. Unconditional and conditional quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was conducted to analyze plant height (PH) and tillers per plant (TP) at ?ve growth stages that were grown at two nitrogen levels. Fourteen PH and 13 TP unconditional QTL were identified in the di?erent growth stages, including 19 QTL from high-nitrogen (HN) and 14 QTL from low-nitrogen (LN) conditions. The conditional QTL for 14 genomic regions under LN/HN conditions showed that there was a significant effect on PH and TP across the different stages. Only one conditional QTL, ph2-3, was unable to be detected in unconditional mapping. More QTL were detected in the ?rst four rice growth stages than in the final stage. Furthermore, a line from the DH mapping population, DH78, was identified in extreme phenotypes of PH and TP that exhibited dwarfism and less-tiller (dft) characters. The gene dft1 was mapped to chromosome 2 using a backcrossed population of DH78/JX17 through a mapbased cloning strategy. The location of dft1 coincided with the mapping region of the small-LOD peak, QTL ph2 and tp2, which were identified in plants grown in low-nitrogen conditions. Further backcrossing and fine-mapping successfully delimited the dft1 locus to a 91 kb region.