山东海洋强省建设的目标分析与对策建议

山东是沿海经济大省,海洋资源丰富、产业基础扎实、科技力量雄厚,具有建设海洋强省良好基础。在海洋经济快速发展的同时,也存在科技优势发挥不突出、产业结构调整缓慢、资源环境压力较大等问题。要在海洋经济、海洋科技、海洋生态、海洋文化等方面明确目标,在强化创新驱动发展战略、加快产业结构战略性调整、加强生态文明建设、培育先进海洋文化等方面加大工作力度,全面推进山东海洋强省建设。     

我国海洋战略性新兴产业培育问题探析

我国海洋产业平稳发展的同时,十八大提出要"建设海洋强国"的海洋发展目标。海洋战略性新兴产业是伴随着我国海洋经济发展及海洋科技进步而产生发展的,是我国建设海洋强国的重要支撑点。本文以海洋战略性新兴产业的概念分析为着眼点,分析海洋战略性新兴产业的培育路径,以此为基础分析海洋战略性新兴产业培育的需求条件,最后对我国海洋战略性新兴产业培育存在的问题进行了分析。     

Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species （Protozoa,Ciliophora, Heterotrichea） inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Condylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826. About 10 morphotypes have been reported, but any molecular investigations concerning this group so far are lacking. In this work, the small subunit ribosomal RNA （SS rRNA） gene of three marine Condylostoma species was sequenced, by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distancematrix, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results show that （1） all the trees have similar topologies with high supports; （2） Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor; and （3） three Condylostoma species as well as Condylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs. This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships of Condylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information. The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs, Peritromus, Folliculina, Stentor and Blepharisma, has been also discussed.     

The impact of ocean warming on marine organisms

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolu- tion during the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries, there has been rapidly increasing release of greenhouse gases, notably CO〉 into the atmosphere. As a consequence of this atmospheric change, the Earth＇s average surface temperature has increased by approxi- mately 0.6 ℃ over the last 100 years. The rate of release of greenhouse gases continues to increase, and global surface temperature rose by approximately 0.2 ℃ per decade in the last 30 years, a rate that is greater than at any other time during the last 1,000 years. The wide-ranging effects of these increases in greenhouse gases and temperature on the biosphere are subject to intense scientific study. Much has been learned, but much more needs to be elucidated, if we are to predict how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will be affected by global change. This brief review focuses on the marine environment and offers a concise summary of some of the important advances in our knowledge about the impacts of global change, including physical and chemical changes of the ocean, as well as the impact of ocean warming on marine organisms. Our analysis also points out areas where critical new information is needed if we are to predict the future of marine ecosystems in a warming world with accuracy.     

古生界海相页岩储层井壁稳定影响因素分析

古生界海相页岩主要发育有水井沱组、鲁家坪组、牛蹄塘组以及五峰-龙马溪组等页岩储层。由于不同储层矿物成份、地质特征以及岩石力学特征不同,因而,会对井壁稳定产生不同的影响作用。通过对古生界海相页岩储层进行矿物成份、水化作用、岩石力学实验以及数值模拟,分析影响古生界海相页岩储层井壁稳定的因素,结果表明:1古生界海相页岩储层均不含易水化膨胀的蒙脱石;2古生界海相页岩储层具有非水敏性特征,水化作用不是影响井壁稳定的主要因素;3水基钻井液会降低古生界海相页岩储层岩石强度,降低幅度在6.4%~37.33%之间;4大倾角、层理弱面对井壁稳定有显著影响,会导致钻井液安全密度窗口会大幅减小。     

基于CFD的海洋立管系统严重段塞流数值模拟

利用CFD软件Fluent建立二维全尺寸仿真模型,对立管实验装置中的严重段塞流现象进行数值模拟研究。模拟方法中,采用液体体积函数(volume of fluid,VOF)法追踪气液界面;将长距离海底管道等效为箱体,以提高计算效率。模拟出了立管系统中的四种流型:典型严重段塞流(SSI)、严重段塞流II(SSII)、过渡流型(SST)和稳定流动;并对这四种流型的模拟结果进行了实验验证。最后,对典型严重段塞流的瞬态流动特性进行了深入分析。结果表明:采用数值模拟方法计算效率高,可准确模拟严重段塞流现象,为长距离立管系统中严重段塞流研究提供了切实可行的模拟方法。模拟工况下,气液喷发的瞬时质量流量可达入口的2.5倍以上,气液平均流速可达入口的4.5倍以上,其瞬态流动特性的分析对严重段塞流危害的准确评估有重要意义。     

海洋钢悬链线立管振动响应与疲劳预测

涡激振动是引发立管疲劳损伤的关键诱因之一。基于Van Der Pol尾流振子方程，研究了不同长度两端铰接的钢悬链线立管在相同来流流量不同剖面剪切来流作用下的涡激振动响应。采用二阶中心差分法对时域和空间域的耦合方程组进行了求解，并采用雨流计数法对立管的疲劳寿命进行了预测。结果表明，立管振动沿轴向传播呈驻波和行波的混合模式，随立管长度的增加，振动响应由驻波主导转变为行波主导。受剪切来流剖面的影响，立管振动响应呈现多频特性，行波自立管的顶部向底部传播，且其传播速率随来流剪切程度及立管长度而变化。随剪切程度的增强，立管从流体中获得的能量减少，能耗增加，振动位移减少。相同来流剖面时，随着水深的增加，立管疲劳损伤增加；而水深相同时，随来流剪切程度的增加，疲劳损伤逐渐增大。