TiO2纳米晶表面羟基自由基的生成对光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2.用X射线衍射谱(XRD)测定了TiO2粒子的晶相结构;以对苯二甲酸作为探针分子,结合化学荧光技术研究了TiO2表面羟基自由基的生成;以降解罗丹明B(RhB)为模型反应,考察了TiO2粒子的光催化活性.结果表明,TiO2粒子的晶相结构对其羟基自由基的生成和光催化活性产生显著影响;羟基自由基的生成速率越大,光催化活性越高.     

由废旧锌锰电池回收氯化锰和锌的一种工艺

介绍一种从废旧锌锰电池中回收锰、锌，进而生产工业级无水氯化锰、锌锭的工艺。该工艺所制得的产品符合有关企业标准，总回收率分别达到93％和95％。充分研究了产品除铁方法，并对镉、铅、汞重金属进行了无害处理。     

二氧化钛光催化降解有机物的研究进展

简述了国内外有关水中有机物的光催化氧化的研究进展，讨论了该过程所涉及的反应机理及影响光催化活性的因素，并提出了光催化氧化法今后的发展方向．     

妥尔油酸性物的超临界二氧化碳萃取

应用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术 ,研究了妥尔油酸性物的提取分离工艺 ,探讨了萃取温度、萃取压力、二氧化碳流量和萃取时间等因素对妥尔油酸性物得率的影响。采用正交实验设计 ,得出了妥尔油超临界二氧化碳萃取的最佳工艺条件为 :萃取压力 2 5MPa ,萃取温度 35℃ ,二氧化碳流量 2 0kg/h ,萃取时间 90min ,萃取酸性物得率 5 2 .3%。     

水杨酸在含夹带剂的超临界CO2中的溶解度

采用流动法测定和研究了水杨酸在308K,328K下,100～250MPa范围内,在纯超临界CO₂和环己烷、丙酮及乙醇做夹带剂的超临界CO₂中的溶解度。实验数据表明三种夹带剂的加入均增大了水杨酸在SC-CO₂中的溶解度,其增大幅度依次为环己烷、乙醇和丙酮。文中论述了温度、压力对溶解度的影响,对三种夹带剂的“提携”作用机理进行了分析,并用Sovova方程对实验数据进行了回归,得到了较满意的结果.     

Exogenous carbon acquisition of photosynthesis in Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) under emersed state

The photosynthetic performances of Porphyra haitanensis thalli were investigated in order to understand its mechanisms for exogenous carbon acquisition during emersion at low tide. The emersed photosynthesis was studied by altering the pH value in the water film on the thalli surface, treating them with carbonic anhydarase inhibitors (acetazolamide and 6-ethoxyzolamide), adjusting the CO2 concentrations in the air, and comparing the theoretical maximum CO2 supply rates within the adherent water film with the observed photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates. It was found that the principal exogenous inorganic carbon source for the photosynthesis of P. haitanensis during emersion was atmospheric CO2. The driving force of CO2 flux across the water film was the CO2 concentration gradient within it. Carbonic anhydrase accelerated both extracellular and intracellular CO2 transport. The emersed photosynthesis of P. haitanensis was limited by the present atmospheric CO2 level, and would be enhanced by atmospheric CO2 rise that would trigger global warming.     

Synthesis of the 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide (3D-C@MnO) nanocomposite and its supercapacitor behavior study

A 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide ([email protected]) nanocomposite is successfully synthesized via a thermal plasma deposition method. The chemical bonds and compositions, phase structures, surface morphologies, etc. of as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite were characterized by the various equipment, such as X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopes. The electrochemical performances of the [email protected] nanocomposite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 780 F g^?1 at a current density of 2 A g^?1 and a capacitance retention rate of 99% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g^?1. These excellent capacitive performances may be attributed to the encapsulation of MnO nanoparticles by porous carbon sheets in the [email protected] MnO nanocomposite structure. It is believed that the carbon-encapsulated MnO nanoparticles can be protected from a volume deformation during the charge adsorption/desorption cycle and can be electrically improved by the encapsulated carbon sheets, resulting in better overall capacitive performance. In addition, this study also demonstrates the practical applicability by assembling a supercapacitor using the as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite to glow a light emitting diode.     

葡萄酒质量安全风险及其控制

全面阐述了影响葡萄酒质量安全的主要因素及其防控措施。农药残留和重金属污染通常由葡萄栽培中施用的防治病虫害药剂或环境污染而导致其在葡萄果实中的累积,可通过选择生态条件优良的酿酒葡萄种植基地、规范栽培管理技术有效控制；SO₂残留产生于葡萄酒酿造过程,可通过控制原料污染、严格发酵酿造工艺管理、保证生产清洁卫生及积极寻找SO₂替代物控制其含量；微生物或有微生物参与的有毒代谢产物中赭曲霉毒素A、氨基甲酸乙酯和生物胺,则依赖于发酵剂的选择和改进工艺等多种手段综合防控。在葡萄栽培及葡萄酒酿造过程中应关注此类物质对人体的潜在危害,并通过检测进行有效的预防和控制。     

定-转子反应器在水脱氧工艺中的应用研究

在定-转子反应器中采用N₂-水脱氧、CO₂-水脱氧两个体系脱除水中的溶氧，考察了转子转速、液体体积流量以及气体体积流量对脱氧率和传质系数的影响，并对比了两个水脱氧体系的脱氧效果。实验结果表明：脱氧率随转子转速和气体体积流量的增加而升高，随液体体积流量的增加而降低；传质系数随着转子转速、液体体积流量、气体体积流量的增加而增加；此外，N₂-水脱氧体系的脱氧效果要优于CO₂-水脱氧体系。     

Salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物催化CO_2和环氧乙烷生成环状碳酸酯

Salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物催化CO2和环氧化合物合成环状碳酸酯的反使用了温室气体CO2为原料来合成有用的分子,同时该反应符合原子经济性,是最有潜力的绿色化学反应之一.讨论了Salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物催化CO2和环氧化合物合成环状碳酸酯反应中取得的重大进展,尤其是催化合成手性环状碳酸酯的化学选择性问题.