新型探针—肽核酸

肽核酸 (Peptidenucleicacids,PNA)是一类以中性酰胺为骨架的DNA类似物 它们对核酸酶的降解来说是稳定的 ,并且与类似DNA的寡聚物相比 ,能以更高的亲和力与其互补序列进行分子杂交 近年来 ,PNA作为一种新型探针 ,已在生物工程和分子生物学研究领域里引起了广泛的兴趣 本文就PNA的分子特性及其应用前景作以简单介绍     

α—地中海贫血患者的α—珠蛋白基因组织的分析

α-地中海贫血是由于α-珠蛋白基因全部和部分缺失所致的一种遗传性溶血性贫血综合征。本文从重组质粒pHα_2中提取和纯化α_2片段(1.6kb),以α-~(32)p-dCTP标记做珠蛋白基因探针对Hb-H病人和Hb-Bart水肿综合征的血细胞DNA进行限制性内切酶谱分析。用HindⅢ和BglⅡ酶解Hb-H病人的非缺失型分别得16.4、4.5和3.8Kb三个特异片段和12.5、7.5二个片段。而Hb-H缺失型病人分别得到16.4、4.5和7.5或16Kb特异的α-基因片段。酶解Hb-Bart胎儿血DNA则没有α-基因特异片段。     

铁磁金属合金中的内磁场和磁矩

本文研究了若干晶态和非晶态铁磁金属合金中Fe原子的内磁场和磁矩,认为这些合金中存在两种不同的机制。类金属原子的键合效应和过渡金属原子的电子转移效应,它们导致Fe原子内磁场和磁矩明显降低。所得结果表明,虽然铁磁金属合金中Fe原子的内磁场和磁矩具有同样的变化趋势,但在一般情况下,两者之间不一定存在某种简单的正比关系或线性关系。     

原位杂交技术在两栖类基因定位中的应用

原位杂交技术在哺乳类及鱼类基因定位研究中有应用。作者在此基础上进行改进,报告了使用染色体原位杂交技术进行两栖类基因定位的方法。本文还对该方法的意义、应用前景及存在问题进行了讨论。     

斯卑尔脱小麦与野生燕麦杂交研究

斯卑尔脱小麦Triticum spelta L.f.duhamelianum 2n=6x=42与通北野生燕麦Avena fatua L.2n=6x=42直接杂交成功,结实率36％。F_1代表现不一致,出现4种类型,主要类型结实基本正常,其他3个类型,有2个类型结实率约10％,有1个类型完全不结实;均表现为斯卑尔脱型,成熟期同通北野生燕麦,比斯卑尔脱小麦早熟10天。F_1植株花粉母细胞镜检表明,大多数染色体配对正常,单价体2—4个。F_2植株花粉母细胞镜检表明,大多数植株染色体配对正常,2n=42,少数植株染色体出现1—5个单价体。F_2分离很大,出现约10％容易脱粒不断穗节的普通小麦型,其中一部分综合抗病和综合丰产性均好,并出现超亲矮杆的普通小麦型植株,最矮的株高仅57厘米。株高80—90厘米的类型较多,籽粒饱满,千粒重最高的达到60克。可以直接育成多抗优质高产的新型普通小麦。普通小麦型植株大多数表现抗白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病。     

Cytogenetic Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes and Analysis of Their Distribution Features on Chromosomes in Maize

0　IntroductionMaizeisamongthemostintensivelystudiedspeciesingeneticsandoneofagronomicallythemostimportantplants.Therearemanydis easemicrobesandpeststoattackmaize,whichre sultsinlowproductionandbadquality .Withthedevelopmentofverydensegeneticmapconstruc tion ,avarietyoftheimportantdiseaseresistancegenesofmaizeincludingHelminthosporiumtur ciumPassresistancegenesHt1,Htn1andHt2 ,HelminthosporiummaydisNisikresistancegenesRhm1andRhm2 ,maizedwarfmosaicvirusresis tancegeneMdm1,wheatstreakmosaicvi…     

硫化铅纳米颗粒标记DNA电化学探针的研究

在水溶液中合成了表面具有自由羧基的硫化铅(PbS)纳米颗粒，以乙基-(3-二甲基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDAC)为偶联活化剂，将其标记于人工合成的5’端氨基修饰的寡聚核苷酸(ODN)片段上，制备成PbS纳米颗粒标记DNA探针．在一定的条件下，使其与固定在玻碳电极表面的待测DNA序列进行杂交反应，利用阳极溶出示差脉冲伏安法间接测定Pb(Ⅱ)的量，从而实现对互补、非互补DNA片段的识别和电化学检测．同时对该探针的稳定性、选择性进行了讨论。     

Host selection of Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta and its inheritance

The difference in host selection between the polyphagous Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the oligophagous H. assulta Quenée was examined, with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (hosts of H. armigera), tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) (host of both H. armigera and H. assulta), and bush redpepper (Capsicum frutescens) (host of H. assulta) as testing plants. A multiple-choice test was used with caged plant cuttings for adult oviposition and with leaf discs for larval feeding. A no-choice test was run for evaluating larval growth rate. The results indicated that the relationship between larval performance and adult preference of H. assulta was more conspicuous than that of H. armigera. Reciprocal hybridization between H. armigera and H. assulta followed by backcrossing of the hybrids (F1) with H. armigera was also carried out for genetic study on host selection of these two insect species. A two-choice test with cotton and bush redpepper leaf discs showed that H. armigera larvae preferred to feed on cotton, and H. assulta larvae to bush redpepper; feeding preferences of the two F1 lines were intermediate between those of their parents, but close to that of their female parent; preference indexes of backcross lines also showed that both maternal factor and chromosomal inheritance were involved in feeding selection of two Helicoverpa species.