Cloning and roles of goldfish maternal factor β-Catenin cDNA in embryonic development

Interaction between nucleus and cytoplasm has been focused in the field of animal embryonic development, in which study of maternal factors is required positively. β-Catenin, an important maternal factor in early embryogenesis, has been analyzed in its expression pattern and functions in this paper. We have cloned goldfish β-Catenin cDNA gene and compared it with zebrafish β-Catenin cDNA. High homology was found in cDNA and in amino acid sequences between them, 93% (2227/2384 bp) and 98.5% (768/780 aa) respectively. The expression pattern of β-Catenin by in situ hybridization and the roles of β-Catenin on embryonic development by co-injection of anti-sense RNA and reporter gene, EGFP have been investigated in the whole process of goldfish embryonic development. The results suggest that β-Catenin presents dynamic distribution, mainly locates at body axis, dorsal tissues, head and tail structures after being fertilized. The loss of β-Catenin activity would cause serious destruction of embryo in dorsal tissues and in anteroposterior axes, and leads embryos to die before larva get hatched.     

杂色鲍♀×盘鲍♂合杂交受精的细胞学研究

应用组织学方法。研究了杂色鲍♀×盘鲍♂舍种间杂交受精过程的核相变化。结果表明杂色鲍♀×盘鲍♂种间杂交受精主要表现出两性融合的特点．盘鲍精子进入杂色鲍卵子。9min后中心粒发育为星光；精子头部逐渐膨大、液化形成雄性原核，39min后与雌性原核会合，而后融合．约3．2％的受精卵中观察到1个受精卵中同时存在3个即将融合的原核，这可能是多精入卵或卵子染色体组自发加倍的结果．42min后开始第1次有丝分裂。此时在极个别发育卵中发现固缩的染色质小体、微核、或分离不同步的染色体．     

李、杏属间杂交时花粉-雌蕊相互作用的生理生化变化研究

以莫尔特尼李和泰安水杏为试材,对李、杏属间杂交过程中的生理生化变化进行了研究,结果表明,授粉后属间杂交组合的SOD活性均随着授粉时间的延长,先上升后下降,呈现波动性变化,不同组合之间存在差异,而对照的SOD活性的高峰出现时期均早于处理;属间杂交授粉组合的POD活性也呈波动性变化,但其酶活性高于对照,并且该酶活性高峰期也较对照提前;李×杏杂交组合授粉后可溶性蛋白含量的变化一直处于缓慢的上升趋势,而反交组合在一个较大幅度的下降过程后才开始缓慢上升;属间杂交组合的MDA含量均随着授粉时间的延长,呈增加的趋势,而对照的MDA含量基本处于一个相对稳定的水平。这些生化指标的变化可能与杂交不亲和性的存在以及花粉与柱头的识别障碍有关。     

A novel salicylaldehyde dehydrosenase-NahV involved in catabolism of naphthalene from Pseudomonas putida ND6

A novel salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase involved in catabolism of naphthalene from Pseudomonas putida ND6, NahV, has been identified. NahV exhibited lower identity in amino acid sequence with the classic salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase, NahF, from P. putida ND6. This is the first report of an isofunctional enzyme of bacterial salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase. Comparison of Km and Vmax values of NahV and NahF demonstrated that NahF has a more efficient catalytic reaction than NahV, while NahV has much higher affinity for salicylaldehyde and NAD^＋. Both enzymes exhibited broad substrate specificities and catalyzed the oxidation of salicylaldehyde, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, formaldehyde, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-methoxybenxaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, caprylic aldehyde, and glyoxal. However, the relative rates at which the substituted analogs are transformed differ considerably. NahV activity could be enhanced by Fe^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋; whereas NahF activity could only be stimulated by Fe^2＋, NahF is more stable than NahV at elevated temperatures. Dot-blot hybridization analyses showed that nahF-like genes occurred in all naphthalene-degradation bacteria isolated in this study, whereas nahV-like genes were present in only some naphthalene-degrading bacteria.     

太湖猪淋巴细胞和小鼠骨髓瘤细胞杂交细胞的建立

以我国优良猪种小梅山（属太湖猪种）的脾淋巴细胞和小鼠骨髓瘤细胞（ＳＰ２／０）作亲本，经聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）促融，ＨＡＴ培养基选择培养，先后得到２５株杂种细胞，并对杂种细胞进行染色体分析和同工酶电泳等研究。结果显示，杂种细胞系含有全部小鼠骨髓瘤细胞染色体，而猪染色体丢失迅速，仅保留猪的４号、５号、７￣１０号、１２号、１３号、１５号和１７号等部分染色体，杂种细胞内能检测到全部小鼠同工酶活性，但仅能检测到     

聚丙烯酸-高岭土杂化高吸水材料的合成与性能

在高岭土存在下，以Ｎ－Ｎ－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂，以过硫酸钾作引发剂，部分中和的丙烯酸单体进行聚合交联反应，合成高聚物／无机杂化高吸水性材料，采用正交设计法，研究中和度，单体用量，引发剂量，交联剂量，高岭土加入量及反应温度对吸水率的影响。     

中国牡丹的输出及其在国外的发展 Ⅱ:野生牡丹

报道了中国野生牡丹向国外（主要是欧美）输出及其后发展的情况，并探讨了如何利用野生种质资源培育新品种的问题：欧美利用黄牡丹（Ｐａｅｏｎｉａｌｕｔｅａ）和紫牡丹（Ｐｄａｌａｖａｙｉ）与普通牡丹（Ｐｓｕｆｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓａ）杂交已取得巨大成就；大花黄牡丹（Ｐｌｕｄｌｏｗｉ）、狭叶牡丹（Ｐｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉ）、紫斑牡丹（Ｐｒｏｃｋｉ）和杨山牡丹（Ｐｏｓｔｉ）等野生种在育种中应用的潜力很大．丰富花色、延长花期、扩大裁培范围等育种问题，均可利用野生种质资源加以解决．     

Physical location of terminal markers belonging to five linkage groups in maize RFLP map using in situ hybridization

Ten terminal or subterminal RFLP markers belonging to linkage groups 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 in maize RFLP map were physically locted onto maize mitotic chromosomes with in situ hybridization. All biotinylated probes from 600 to 2 250 bp were detected by DAB staining. The markers belonging to linkage groups 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10 correspondingly located at the chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10. All of the tested markers except bnl6.25 and umc44 were duplicated sequences. Each of them was also labeled on another chromosome besides on the chromosome corresponding to its linkage group. The marker bnl3. 04 was triplicated sequences and the signals were detected on three nonhomologous chromosomes. In the tested ten markers, there were only four located at the ends of corresponding chromosomes. Others were located at sites midway along the chromosome arms or near the centromeres. The region covered by two terminal or subterminal markers in each of linkage groups 1, 3, 5, and 6 occupied 80.02%, 38.25%, 82.30% and 51.16% of the region of both short and long arms in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 6 respectively. Only two terminal markers of linkage group 10 covered the whole chromosome 10. In some linkage groups, two terminal or subterminal markers covered a short genetic distance but were physically distant, while two covering a longer genetic distance were physically closer. Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Doctorate Vesting Point Foundation of the Education Committec of the People's Republic of China Mao Ninghui: born in 1986, used to be an MS student of Wuhan University in 1992–1995 and now is working in Fudan University, Shanghai 200433