CT引导下经胸壁针刺活检与吸引对肺部孤立性肿块诊断的比较

为了比较经胸壁针刺肺活检(TTNB)与经胸壁针刺肺吸引(TTNA)在肺部孤立性肿块诊断中的价值,对同一病例,在CT引导下,先采用弹簧式半自动切割针对肺部肿块行TTNB获取活检组织作病理学检查,再用腰穿针行TTNA针吸组织作细胞学检查.结果显示,37例病人均获得满意的标本。经TTNB确诊者34例,确诊率为91.9％,经TTNA确诊25例,确诊率为67.6％,两者有显著性差异(P<0.01).37例病人中,共有并发症6例,发生率为16.2％,其中术后出现气胸2例,发生出血(咯血或肺内出血)4例.提示TTNB与TTNA均是肺部孤立性肿块诊断安全、可靠的方法,但TTNB的诊断率明显高于TTNA,尤其有利于肺部良性病变的诊断,值得广泛应用.     

Regulatory aspects of low intensity photon emission

Summary Photon emission from unicellular and multicellular organisms has been a subject of study for many decennia. In contrast to the well-known phenomenon of bioluminescence originating in luciferin-luciferase reactions, low intensity emission in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum has been found in almost every species studied so far. At present, the nomenclature of this phenomenon has not crystallized and it is referred to by a variety of names, such as mitogenetic radiation²⁹, dark luminescence⁷, low-level chemiluminescence^{20, 36}, and biophotons⁵⁷. Particular attention has been focussed on the relationship between photon emission and the regulation of various aspects of cellular metabolism, although in many cases quantitative data are still lacking. Throughout the history of this field of research the question of a functional biological role of the low intensity emission has been repeatedly raised; this is reflected, for instance, in the heterogeneity of the terms used to describe it. The discussion concerns the possible participation of photons of low intensity in intra- and intercellular communication. This paper reviews literature on the metabolic regulation of low intensity emission, as well as the regulation of photon emission initiated by external light. Furthermore, recent data are discussed with respect to a possible biocommunicative function of low intensity photon emission.     

有机硒化学研究进展

近２０年来有机硒化学发展极为迅速，新的有机硒试剂在有机合成化学中起着重要作用，并广泛用于天然产物的合成，有机硒抗病毒、抗肿瘤药物为人类征服疾病作出贡献。结合作者的研究工作介绍了有机硒化学发展近况．     

Identification of common microRNA-mRNA regulatory biomodules in human epithelial cancer

The complex regulatory network between microRNAs and gene expression remains an unclear domain of active research. We proposed to address in part this complex regulation with a novel approach for the genome-wide identification of biomodules derived from paired microRNA and mRNA profiles, which could reveal correlations associated with a complex network of dys-regulation in human cancer. Two published expression datasets for 68 samples with 11 distinct types of epithelial cancers and 21 samples of normal tissues were used, containing microRNA expression and gene expression profiles, respectively. As results, the microRNA expression used jointly with mRNA expression can provide better classifiers of epithelial cancers against normal epithelial tissue than either dataset alone (P=1×10^–10, F test). We identified a combination of 6 microRNA-mRNA biomodules that optimally classified epithelial cancers from normal epithelial tissue (total accuracy = 93.3%; 95% confidence intervals: 86%–97%), using penalized logistic regression (PLR) algorithm and three-fold cross-validation. Three of these biomodules are individually sufficient to cluster epithelial cancers from normal tissue using mutual information distance. The biomodules contain 10 distinct microRNAs and 98 distinct genes, including well known tumor markers such as miR-15a, miR-30e, IRAK1, TGFBR2, DUSP16, CDC25B and PDCD2. In addition, there is a significant enrichment (Fisher’s exact test P=3×10^–10) between putative microRNA-target gene pairs reported in 5 microRNA target databases and the inversely correlated microRNA-mRNA pairs in the biomodules. Further, microRNAs and genes in the biomodules were found in abstracts mentioning epithelial cancers (Fisher’s Exact test, unadjusted P<0.05). Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the discovered microRNA-mRNA biomodules correspond to regulatory mechanisms common to human epithelial cancer samples. In conclusion, we developed and evaluated a novel comprehensive method to systematically identify, on a genome scale, microRNA-mRNA expression biomodules common to distinct cancers of the same tissue. These biomodules also comprise novel microRNA and genes as well as an imputed regulatory network, which may accelerate the work of cancer biologists as large regulatory maps of cancers can be drawn efficiently for hypothesis generation.     

Increased activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in serum of hepatoma-bearing rats coincides with the loss of the enzyme from the hepatoma plasma membrane

Summary The specific activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV E.C. 3.4.14.-) in the plasma membrane of Morris hepatoma 9121 or hepatoma 7777 was 3.5% and 2.9%, respectively, of that in the plasma membrane of rat liver. The enzyme activity in the serum of hepatoma-bearing rats was 141% (hepatoma 91219) and 162% (hepatoma 7777) of the normal value. cytochemical investigation showed that the DPP IV activity was almost completely absent from the hepatoma cell plasma membrane and was not sequestered within these cells. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with a polyclonal antibody directed against DPP IV indicated that the loss of activity was due to the absence of DPP IV molecules in the plasma membrane. The possibility that the enzyme is transferred from the membrane into the serum as a result of structural alterations is discussed.     

MTHFR C677T基因多态性与新疆哈萨克族食管癌易感性关系的研究

为探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）基因C677T多态性与哈萨克族食管癌易感性的关系.在食管癌高发区新疆哈萨克族聚居区进行了病例对照研究（食管癌94例,人群对照98例）,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测研究对象的MTHFR基因型.MTHFR C677T呈多态性,可分为3种类型：677CC、677CT、677TT,在食管癌中所占比例分别是56.4%、36.2%、7.4%,对照组分别是58.2%、29.6%、12.2%,两组总构成比无显著差异（χ ^2=1.776,P〉0.05）.因此,MTHFR C677T基因多态性可能与哈萨克族食管癌易感无关.     

直肠癌术中骶前静脉出血的止血治疗

目的:骶前静脉出血是直肠癌手术中严重的并发症,可危及病人的生命。本文讨论骶前静脉出血的原因及术中止血的临床经验。方法:从1985年1月~2004年12月共9例直肠癌患者于Miles术术中发生骶前静脉出血,术中分别采用环缝压迫止血法、图钉法及医用胶粘合法进行术中止血。结果:所有患者在术中均及时止血成功,顺利完成手术,术后未发生继发性出血。结论:为了避免骶前静脉出血的发生,关键在于手术时进入正确解剖层次、合理、细致、轻柔的手术操作。一旦发生出血,应尽快明确出血的部位,并根据不同的情况采用相应的措施。     

大蒜提取液抑制人结肠癌细胞SW480和SW620的增殖和扩散

研究了天然大蒜提取液对人结肠癌细胞SW480和SW620的扩散、粘附和增殖的影响. 结果表明：将SW480和SW620加入1μL/孔大蒜提取液的DMEM中，癌细胞扩散率降低了４０％；培养96h，增殖率分别降低8.6倍和10.8倍.表明大蒜提取液能抑制人结肠癌细胞SW480和SW620的增殖和扩散.     

肿瘤基因治疗载体的研究进展

对在肿瘤基因治疗中较常见的载体--病毒载体(痘苗病毒载体、腺病毒与腺病毒相关载体、单纯疱疹病毒和逆转录病毒)和非病毒载体(脂质体和稳定质粒--脂质颗粒)进行了介绍,同时对其存在的问题作了简要阐述,并对该研究前景进行了展望.     

富硒大蒜中抗癌活性物质的研究进展

富硒大蒜中含有的抗癌活性物质主要有蒜氨酸及其分解产物、蒜氨酸类似物、含硫氨基酸、硒代Alliin、硒代半胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸．综述了这些具有抗癌、抑癌活性的物质的研究进展．