从脐血单个核细胞定向诱导巨核细胞的生成

采用 SCF、TPO、IL- 3、IL- 6、IL- 1细胞因子 ,从脐血单个核细胞定向诱导巨核细胞的形成。比较了 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 1、SCF+ TPO+ IL- 3、SCF+ TPO+ IL- 63种细胞因子组合对刺激巨核细胞生成的作用 ,经体外培养 8d后 ,CD41 + 细胞占培养物的比例分别达到 ( 5 .64± 0 .77) %、( 5 .73± 1 .2 4 ) %和 ( 2 0 .1± 2 .5 3) % ;每 1 0 4个细胞可形成巨核祖细胞集落形成单位 ( CFU- MK)为( 1 3.7± 5 .7)个、( 1 5 .0± 3.6)个和 ( 93.7± 1 6.0 )个。在 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 6体系中增加 IL- 6的浓度 ,可提高培养液中 CD41 + 细胞的纯度。当 IL- 6的浓度从 1 0μg/L增加到 5 0μg/L时 ,CD41 + 细胞的比例可从 ( 2 0 .1± 2 .5 3) %提高到 ( 2 6.81± 3.2 0 ) % ,但每 1 0 4个细胞形成 CFU- MK数目却从( 93.7± 1 6.0 )个减少到 ( 4 5± 8.6)个 ;这说明 IL- 6对巨核细胞的刺激主要作用在其发育的后期。采用 SCF+ TPO+ IL- 3+ IL - 6细胞因子组合 ,由 1× 1 0 6个单个核细胞培养一周后可诱导出 ( 1 .61±0 .5 8)× 1 0 5个 CD41 + 细胞 ,占培养物的比例可达到 ( 1 8.8± 1 .64) % ,每 1 0 4个细胞形成 CFU- MK数目可达到 ( 1 2 1 .8± 1 0 .3)个。这一结果为进一步体外大量扩增巨核细胞提供了基础     

东北萝■科三属比较解剖

本文对东北产萝科三属五种植物的营养器官进行了比较解剖学研究，其初步结论：①徐长卿和白前属具须根系的种类更为接近。认为Ｋｉｔａｇａｗａ等把徐长卿归为白前属更合适。②白前属三种皆具须根系，无明显的区别，但与其它属在根系区别明显。③杠柳属的杠柳在解剖学上看不出和白前属及萝属有较本质的区别。④杠柳属和白前属相差较大，而萝属介于前两属之间。     

白豆蔻香气成分研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气质联用相结合的方法萃取和分析鉴定了白豆蔻果实的香气成分.使用CAR/PDMS萃取柱时共检测出27种挥发性成分,鉴定出25种成分,占总挥发性成分的99.659%;使用PDMS萃取柱时,共检测出25种挥发性成分,鉴定出21种成分,占总挥发性成分的98.615%.在解析出的所有成分中,绝大部分成分为萜类化合物.主要成分是单萜化合物1,8-桉树脑(两种萃取头分别为63.649%和56.859%)、β-蒎烯(15.479%和20.874%)和α-蒎烯(5.569%和8.610%).     

欧美杨和美洲黑杨树叶化学成分的研究

分析了欧美杨（ＰｏｐｕｌｕｓｘｅｕｒａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａｃｖⅠ２１４）和美洲黑杨（Ｐ．ｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓｃｖＨａｒｖａｒｄｅｘⅠ６３／５１）树叶在不同生长季节的化学成分。结果表明,在相同的采集季节,二种树叶的化学成分相差不大,都含有较多的蛋白质、氨基酸及丰富的无机元素。但是,各种化学成分均随采集季节的不同而变化。其中,蛋白质、氨基酸的含量随季节变化较大,其他成分变化较小。两种杨树叶蛋白质和氨基酸的含量接近或高于一些农、副产品,可以代替粮食等作为畜、禽饲料。     

人脐血造血干细胞在转瓶中的悬浮培养

考察经分离纯化后的人脐血CD34+富集细胞在转瓶中的扩增特性,细胞因子为SCF+IL-3+IL-6。实验发现,无论24孔板静态培养还是转瓶悬浮培养,孔板和转瓶内总细胞数分别扩增了(658.7±98.0)倍和(107.3±15.0)倍,说明CD34+具有很大的扩增潜能。对比两种培养体系下细胞集落扩增倍数发现,培养初期孔板内的集落形成能力要大于转瓶,但到培养后期,孔板内集落形成能力下降速度远大于转瓶。孔板中的CFU-GM(粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落形成单位)扩增倍数在第14天为(5.6±0.4)倍,第21天为(1.7±0.5)倍,转瓶中在第14天为(2.1±0.7)倍,第21天为(1.8±0.5)倍。对比两者的CD34+扩增情况,孔板在第14天CD34+含量达到最大值,而到第21天则大大降低,而转瓶内CD34+含量仍可保持在原第14天的水平,转瓶内的CD34+细胞的扩增也比孔板保持较长时间。     

广西崇左叉叶苏铁野生和迁地保护种群的遗传多样性比较分析

叉叶苏铁[Cycas bifida （Dyer） K.D.Hill]为国家一级重点保护野生植物,了解广西崇左叉叶苏铁野生种群和迁地保护种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构,可为其种质资源的保护及管理提供指导。本研究利用筛选得到的6对稳定且多态性良好的Simple Sequence Repeat （SSR）引物,对位于崇左的4个叉叶苏铁野生种群和迁至桂林的1个叉叶苏铁迁地保护种群共109个个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析。结果表明： 4个野生种群的观测等位基因数平均值为2.875,有效等位基因数平均值为1.796,Shannon信息指数平均值为0.637,观测杂合度平均值为0.363,期望杂合度平均值为0.373,说明广西崇左叉叶苏铁遗传多样性水平较低。迁地保护种群的观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Shannon信息指数、观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为3.000、1.865、0.686、0.323和0.391,说明迁地保护能提高叉叶苏铁遗传多样性。遗传结构中群体间遗传呈中度分化（0.134）,种群间遗传变异占25%,种群内遗传变异占75%,遗传变异主要来源于种群内。非加权组平均法（Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic means,UPGMA）、主坐标分析（Principal Co-ordinates Analysis,PCoA）和Structure分析表明109份样品可分为2类,迁地保护种群ZWS和野外种群PR为一类,其余3个种群为一类。野生种群中MALL的群体遗传多样性最高（Shannon信息指数为0.711,期望杂合度为0.394）,应将该种群作为重点保护单元进行保护。迁地保护种群ZWS的Shannon信息指数和期望杂合度均高于野生种群平均值,但Shannon信息指数略低于野生种群MALL,期望杂合度略低于野生种群MALL和YCLL。建议继续加强野生种群MALL和YCLL种群资源的引种工作,以便更有效地保护叉叶苏铁的遗传资源。     

耳叶牛皮消茎的形态组织学研究

通过对耳叶牛皮消Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight茎的生长发育规律研究,发现耳叶牛皮消茎的生长方式与其他的植物有所不同,其节间的垂直生长,可为探讨萝藦科植物的生境生态对其外部形态特征和内部结构的影响,探讨萝藦科鹅绒藤属植物间的亲缘关系,为鉴别中药材的真伪优劣提供科学依据.     

硫酸浸泡法提取薯蓣皂苷元的研究

鉴于传统工艺等方法的不足,介绍了从黄姜中提取薯蓣皂苷元新方法—硫酸浸泡法,并探索了硫酸浸泡黄姜提取薯蓣皂苷元的最佳工艺条件。以稀硫酸浸泡黄姜粉末数天,再加热酸解,采用单影响因素,对其工艺参数进行了探讨,得出最佳工艺条件:常温状态下用1.5 mol/L硫酸浸泡8 d,然后加热酸解2.5 h,提取率为1.258%,比传统工艺提高了15.9%。该方法操作简便、投资少、效果好。     

On Spatial and Temporal ex mensura Boundaries

In this paper we will propose an empirical analysis of spatial and temporal boundaries. Unlike other proposals, which deal mainly with the commonsense level of the subject, we will ground our explication on well-established scientific practice and language. In this way we show how to reconsider in an innovative way questions such as the distinction between the bona fide boundaries and the fiat boundaries, the thickness and the ownership of the boundaries. At the same time we propose a division between ex mensura boundaries and qui vulgo dicuntur boundaries. What is it, therefore, that divides the atmosphere from the water? [Leonardo da Vinci, Notebooks]      

Population status, threats and conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise

The Yangtze finless porpoise （Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis） is currently limited to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Yichang to Shanghai, China, and the adjoining Poyang and Dongting Lakes. Its population size has decreased remarkably during the last several decades due to the heavy impact of human activities, including overfishing of prey species, water development projects that cause attendant habitat loss and degradation, water pollution, and accidental deaths caused by harmful fishing gear and collisions with motorized vessels. It was estimated that the number of remaining individuals was down to approximately 1800 in 2006, a number that is decreasing at a rate as high as 5% per year. Three conservation measures - in situ and ex situ conservation and captive breeding have been applied to the protection of this unique porpoise since the early 1990s. Seven natural and two ＂semi-natural＂ reserves have so far been established. Since 1996, a small group of finless porpoises has been successfully reared in a facility at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; three babies were born in captivity on July 5, 2005, June 2, 2007 and July 5, 2008. These are the first freshwater cetaceans ever born in captivity in the world. Several groups of these porpoises caught in the main stream of the Yangtze River, or rescued, have been introduced into the Tian＇e-Zhou Semi-natural Reserve since 1990. These efforts have proven that, not only can these animals survive in the area, they are also to reproduce naturally and successfully. More than 30 calves had been born in the reserve since then, with one to three born each year. Taking deaths and transfers into account, there were approximately 30 individuals living in the reserve as of the end of 2007. Among eight mature females captured in April 2008, five were confirmed pregnant. This effort represents the first successful attempt at off-site protection of a cetacean species in the world, and establishes a solid base for conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise. A lesson must be drawn from the tragedy of Chinese River Dolphin （Lipotes vexillifer）, which has already been declared likely extinct. Strong, effective and appropriate protective measures must be carried out quickly to prevent the Yangtze finless porpoise from becoming a second Chinese River Dolphin, and save the biodiversity of the Yangtze River as a whole.