丁二烯选择性加氢催化剂制备因素研究进展

FCC等装置所产少量丁二烯对 C4馏分的进一步加工利用有很大妨碍 ,采用选择加氢除去丁二烯是经济可行的办法 ,因此 ,对催化剂的研究具有实用性和必要性 .文中简要介绍了丁二烯选择性加氢催化剂的历史和现状 ,分析了丁二烯催化加氢的反应机理 ,研究了催化剂制备过程中催化剂载体、活性前身物、制备方法、制备条件和后加工过程对催化剂物性和催化加氢反应性能的影响 ,指出 Pd基双金属催化剂是该领域的最新发展趋势 .     

环戊二烯在非晶态NiP/SiO2催化剂上加氢反应的动力学研究

对环戊二烯在非晶态NiP/SiO2催化剂上选择加氢生成环戊烯的反应进行了积分动力学研究，结果表明该反应机理较符合Rideal-Eley模型；由吸附态的氢直接和气相中的烯烃发生反应，环戊二烯加氢生成环戊烯和环戊烯加氢生成环戊烷的活化能分别为57.1kJ.mol^-1和60.2kJ.mol^-1，由于吸附态的氢和气相中环戊二烯的有效碰撞频率较高，所以环戊二烯的加氢几率比环戊烯的加氢几率大，显示出较好的选择性。     

猝冷骨架Ni催化剂的表征及不饱和有机官能团加氢行为研究

研究了采用猝冷法制备的Ni50Al50合金经碱溶液抽提铝后形成和多孔滑架Ni催化剂和催化行为，并与工业上广泛应用的Raney Ni催化剂进行了对比，用电感耦合等离子光谱（ICP）、X－射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面测定（BET）、X－射线光电子能谱（XPS）及氢吸附对催化剂进行了表征，活笥测试结果表明，猝冷合金催化剂（RQ Ni)对包括碳碳双键、硝基、羰基和腈青在内的不饱和有机官能团有较Raney Ni为高的加氢活性，这可以部分归结RQ Ni催化剂更大的活性比表积及两者由于制备方法不同而导致的结构差异。     

稀土钙钛矿型LaMnO3+λ催化剂的结构与性能的研究

研究了稀土钙钛矿型LaMnO3 λ催化剂的结构与性能的关系,合成过程中控制氧分压的不同,所得样品的结构与性能存在差异,并呈现规律性变化.该系列催化剂分别进行了CO氧化,二甲苯燃烧,水汽转化实验,其催化性能的差异与其结构变化相吻合.     

从间硝基苯甲酸直接合成间二甲胺基苯甲酸

使用含有微量钯的钯铁复合催化剂,在室温下将间硝基苯甲酸的还原和烷基化还原合为一步,合成了间二甲胺基苯甲酸,产率为95.8%。     

活性炭对2，4-二氯苯酚的催化臭氧化降解

研究了粒状活性炭（GAC）对2，4-二氯苯酚（2，4-DCP）臭氧化降解的催化性能。由于活性炭的吸附和催化作用，提高了2，4-DCP的分解。在酸性条件下具有较高的催化臭氧化效率，而酸性和碱性的强弱对2，4-DCP的分解几乎没有影响。活性炭的重复使用实验表明活性炭在臭氧化处理过程中可以得到原位再生，多次使用后其催化活性几乎没有降低。     

烯烃热力学稳定性与超共轭效应

讨论了甲基的超共轭效应、空间位阻对取代乙烯氢化热的影响，并予以定量表述，修正了传统的处理方法。对超共轭效应的强弱及参与超共轭时的几何要求作了进一步的分析。     

MOSSBAUER STUDIES OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND ANISOTROPIES FOR THE HYDR

本文首次报道了我国Ａｎ晕勘查法和实现该技术方法研制出的微机化仪器和测量 技术．     

Solvent-free selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to o-chloroaniline over alumina supported Pt nanoparticles

A supported Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by immobilizing preformed colloidal Pt nanoparticles on Al2O3. The particle size and size distribution of Pt particles on Al2O3 remained the same as the colloidal nanoparticles. Selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to ochloroaniline was performed on the as-prepared Pt/Al2O3 nanocatalyst without using any solvent and 88.5% selectivity to o-chloroaniline at 98.2% conversion of o-chloronitrobenzene was achieved. Further catalytic experiments with metal cation modification showed that some metal cations could improve the activity in various degrees while maintaining the high selectivity. Especially, 99.8% selectivity to o-chloroaniline at ~100% conversion was attained with Sn4t.     

Theoretical advances of the structures and catalytic activities of small-sized gold nanoclusters

Gold nanoclusters exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities,but the dominating factor is still unclear due to the complexity of the structures.In this review,we briefly summarized the recent theoretical progress on their structures and catalytic activities.Combining the experimental and theoretical efforts,the structures of small-sized gold clusters have been explored systematically.Based on the determined structures,factors that influence the catalytic capabilities of small-sized gold clusters(Au_(16)-Au_(35))are studied using CO oxidation asa probe.The preadsorption energies of CO and O_2are found strongly correlated with catalytic activities,which could be affected by the clusters'geometries,sizes,and charge distributions.In addition,the presence of water could significantly lower the activation energy barrier of O_2 dissociation to enhance the clusters'catalytic activities.