极低浓度甲烷高温氧化宏观参量数值模拟

为了研究极低浓度甲烷的高温氧化特性,通过CHEMKIN模拟软件对甲烷浓度为0.5%、1%、2%、3%、4%的5种极低浓度甲烷气体高温氧化反应进行数值模拟,着重分析高温氧化后压力、温度以及反应物和生成物的变化规律.模拟结果表明,极低浓度甲烷高温氧化过程中,甲烷的体积分数急剧下降;生成的一氧化碳体积分数先急剧上升,然后迅速降低至零.二氧化碳体积分数、温度及压力均急剧上升,然后趋于稳定;且甲烷混合气体高温氧化后二氧化碳体积分数、温度及压力最终值与一氧化碳体积分数的最大值均随着甲烷体积分数的增大而逐渐增大.     

Surface modification of Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by microarc oxidation to improve high-temperature oxidation resistance

Microarc oxidation(MAO)electrolysis plasma deposition was used to prepare Al_2O_3coatings on Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys to improve high temperature oxidation resistance.The surface and cross-section morphologies before and after high-temperature oxidation,the chemical composition,and the phase identification of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe microanalyses(EPMA),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that Al_2O_3coatings with a thickness of approximately 8μm can be obtained on the Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by MAO for 600 s.The samples with the Al_2O_3coatings exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance.A minimal weight gain of only 0.396 g/m~2after 100 h oxidation at 900°C was observed for the coatings formed with a deposition voltage of 400 V and using a duty cycle of 3%.The deposition mechanism of the Al_2O_3coatings and the effect of the MAO parameters are also described.     

铜钼浮选分离中硫化钠的消耗机理

针对铜钼浮选分离生产过程中,往往存在着硫化钠抑制剂消耗量过大、生产成本过高的现象,使用硫离子选择电极动态监测不同条件下硫化钠溶液中硫离子电位,来初步研究硫化钠大量消耗的机理.结果表明:铜钼浮选分离过程中,空气的鼓入和矿浆的未加温处理会增加硫化钠的氧化消耗,是硫化钠消耗量大的原因之一.浮选矿浆中的矿物(如辉钼矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿)有着催化硫化钠氧化分解的作用,加上矿物本身对硫化钠的吸附作用,是造成铜钼浮选分离过程中硫化钠大量消耗的又一原因.此外,矿浆中溶出的少量金属阳离子(如Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺)对硫化钠的氧化分解也有一定作用,进一步加剧了硫化钠的消耗.     

Synthesis of the 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide (3D-C@MnO) nanocomposite and its supercapacitor behavior study

A 3D porous carbon-manganese oxide ([email protected]) nanocomposite is successfully synthesized via a thermal plasma deposition method. The chemical bonds and compositions, phase structures, surface morphologies, etc. of as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite were characterized by the various equipment, such as X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopes. The electrochemical performances of the [email protected] nanocomposite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 780 F g^?1 at a current density of 2 A g^?1 and a capacitance retention rate of 99% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g^?1. These excellent capacitive performances may be attributed to the encapsulation of MnO nanoparticles by porous carbon sheets in the [email protected] MnO nanocomposite structure. It is believed that the carbon-encapsulated MnO nanoparticles can be protected from a volume deformation during the charge adsorption/desorption cycle and can be electrically improved by the encapsulated carbon sheets, resulting in better overall capacitive performance. In addition, this study also demonstrates the practical applicability by assembling a supercapacitor using the as-obtained [email protected] nanocomposite to glow a light emitting diode.     

High-performance flexural fatigue of carbon nanotube yarns

Carbon nanotube yarns （CNTY） possess good specific strength and specific conductivity. As such, their potential for commercial applications is significant. Fatigue performance is a significant consideration in yarn/wire applications. In this study, the flexural fatigue performance of CNTY spun from super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays was investigated using a reversed bending test. The results showed that CNTY exhibited excellent resistance to pure flexural fatigue, significantly outperforming stainless steel wire; CNTY failed where a combination of flexural fatigue and tension-tension fatigue had special hollow fracture morphology, and CNTY resistance remained fundamentally unchanged in the combination fatigue process.     

MnO_x-Fe_2O_3催化剂低温催化氧化甲醛性能研究

利用共沉淀法合成了一种MnO_x-Fe_2O_3催化剂,该催化剂具有低温氧化甲醛的特点,HCHO完全转化温度为80℃.研究了温度、空速、氧含量、入口HCHO含量对催化剂性能的影响.500h寿命试验发现催化剂活性下降.FTIR表征结果表明碳酸盐化是导致催化剂失活的主要原因.     

低成本纳米复合材料70％ CeO2·30％ NiO的合成及其催化性能的研究

分别选用水热,浸渍,柠檬酸络合燃烧,共沉淀方法合成了多种前驱体,再经过600 ℃煅烧处理4h,成功合成出纳米复合材料70％ CeO2·30％ NiO,对这些复合材料进行系统的XRD、BET、H2-TPR、O2-TPD表征和CO催化氧化性能测试.     

几种脱砷吸收剂的比较研究

利用模拟烟气,在自行设计的小型鼓泡反应器内,对几种脱砷吸收剂的性能进行了比较实验研究.结果表明:H_2O_2、NaClO、NaClO_2、Ca(ClO)_2以及复合吸收剂A(M/H2O_2)、F(N/NaClO_2)等脱砷剂脱砷效果明显.其中,复合吸收剂A、F脱除效率基本都能达到100%.复合吸收剂A成本较低,具有很好的工业应用前景.     

低碳约束下青岛市就业结构评价与优化研究

在国家提出发展低碳经济的背景下,为了分析低碳约束下青岛市就业结构优化水平,选取青岛市9个行业2004-2015年的数据,通过面板数据模型研究不同行业碳排放强度和就业结构之间的关系。结果表明,青岛市同行业自身的碳排放强度存在差异,与就业人口的关系也存在较大差异。最后根据评价结果,提出调整能源结构、寻找绿色经济增长点以及促进绿色就业从而实现低碳约束下就业结构优化的建议。     

阳极氧化铝模板高有序孔的形成机理综述

阳极氧化铝模板法是合成纳米阵列材料的最常用的方法,然而有关氧化铝纳米孔的形成机理却没有达到统一的认识.利用26篇文献综述了氧化铝膜的理想结构和电场辅助的溶解模型、体积膨胀的应力模型、稳态孔的生长模型、临界电流的密度模型和梅花结构模型等5种不同的氧化铝纳米孔形成机理,最后对氧化铝模板的应用和发展前景提出了展望.