Elementary Investigation of Increasing Polarization Performance of Air Electrode for CO2 Transfer

Air electrodes are the key components of Electrochemical carbon dioxide concentrating(EDC) cells. Therefore, the improvement of the polarization performance is beneficial to the increasing of CO2 transfer and cell stability .The preparing process of air electrode is improved by means of the pretreatment of active carbon(AC) and the selection of preparing method of platinum/carbon(Pt/C) powders. Besides, based on the analysis of orthogonal test results, the optimum preparing conditions of Pt/C powders in air electrode are achieved, that is, hydrazine hydrate concentration is 5%～10%, platinum capacity is 8mg/cm2, chloroplatinic acid concentration is 10.0mg/ml and water both temperature is 40℃.     

托品酰胺合成中缩合反应研究

在制备托品酰胺的工艺中，如何选用托品酸和Ｎ－乙基－Ｎ－胺的缩合酰化的碱性溶媒，以便于后处理是实现工业化生产很重要的课题。常用的碱性溶媒有ＮａＯＨ、ＮａＯＡｃ、Ｎａ２Ｃｏ３和吡啶等，吡啶既可做溶剂又可和氯化氢，还可与酰氯形成络和物而增强酰化能力，理论产率很高，但后处理困难，实际产率反而很低。用Ｋ２ＣＯ３不仅实际产率提高而且减少了劳动强度和污染，适应了工业化大生产。     

低功耗CO敏感元件的研制

利用共沉淀法合成的ＳｎＯ２，研制出了低功耗ＣＯ敏感元件，经过对其气敏特性的研究分析，表明该元件具有灵敏度高，选择性好和稳定等优点     

一种水溶性树脂对水泥石抗CO2腐蚀性能的影响

针对苏里格区块油气田在固井过程中面临CO_2酸性气体腐蚀的难题,在分析CO_2对水泥石的腐蚀机理基础之上,设计并合成出一种水溶性树脂(WSR),将其作为一种新型防腐蚀剂以期达到提高固井水泥石抗腐蚀性能的目的。表征结果表明WSR具有酸性环境响应特性,即可在酸性环境下可形成一种连续立体网络结构;腐蚀性能评价结果表明:WSR对水泥浆基本性能无不利影响;相对于活性硅质材料,WSR可以使水泥石的腐蚀深度、力学性能衰退和微观结构破坏程度明显减小;经CO_2腐蚀35 d后,WSR水泥石腐蚀深度增加14. 60%,抗压强度衰退6. 65%,渗透率降低9. 63%,总孔隙率降低16. 31%; SEM表征WSR在遇酸水泥石表面形成一层明显的连续分布膜状物质,此膜状物质效避免了酸性介质对氢氧化钙(CH)和硅酸钙凝胶(C—S—H)的腐蚀破坏,保持了水泥石微观结构的完整性,近而提高固井水泥石的抗CO_2腐蚀性能;此外,膜状物质"屏蔽层"还可抑制酸性腐蚀介质与水泥石的脱钙反应及减缓对水泥石的淋滤冲刷作用。     

CO2泡沫剂的气溶性与封堵性研究

为有效封堵CO_2气窜通道和提高驱油效率,研制了气溶性的CO_2泡沫剂N-NP-15c-H。应用高压可视化搅拌式泡沫仪在不同温度、压力下进行了泡沫剂气溶性测试并评价了助溶剂的增溶效果。研究表明,加入助溶剂后泡沫剂在CO_2中的溶解量可提高到1.31%。填砂模型封堵性能实验表明,在125℃的低渗透率(27 mD)孔隙介质中形成了有效的CO_2泡沫封堵,阻力因子最高达14。该泡沫剂具有较好的应用前景,可以为CO_2驱油封堵气窜提供技术参考。     

超长煤巷监测数据背景CO筛查及自燃预判研究

为了解决超长双煤巷自燃发热的早期预报问题,在自燃标志气体分析法失效的情况下,运用井下监测系统大数据的CO趋势分析法。为了筛除井下柴油机动车尾气产生CO的波动干扰,创新提出能够仅反映煤相对缓慢氧化的背景CO体积分数的概念;对矿井某一独立通风的考察区域,在某一足够长的时间段内,总能找到所有柴油车都不工作的极端时刻（或不受尾气干扰的情况）,且CO体积分数值被监测系统记录到,从而建立了背景CO体积分数的筛查方法;经时间单元周期为0.125 d和0.5 d时的筛查结果对比,随着考察时间单元的取大,CO体积分数曲线越来越低,波动减小,背景CO体积分数曲线越来越清晰,证明其客观存在性。以最短自然发火期的一部分为考查期,依据背景CO体积分数的趋势走势来预判煤柱自然发火,结合红庆梁煤矿经验,得到CO趋势递增率k^*₁=0.607×10^-6 d^-1,以此作为自燃危险预判的临界指标,将自燃危险预警分三级,即当k₁ ≥k^*₁,一级预警,启动重点巡查,将超长距离...     

Theoretical advances of the structures and catalytic activities of small-sized gold nanoclusters

Gold nanoclusters exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities,but the dominating factor is still unclear due to the complexity of the structures.In this review,we briefly summarized the recent theoretical progress on their structures and catalytic activities.Combining the experimental and theoretical efforts,the structures of small-sized gold clusters have been explored systematically.Based on the determined structures,factors that influence the catalytic capabilities of small-sized gold clusters(Au_(16)-Au_(35))are studied using CO oxidation asa probe.The preadsorption energies of CO and O_2are found strongly correlated with catalytic activities,which could be affected by the clusters'geometries,sizes,and charge distributions.In addition,the presence of water could significantly lower the activation energy barrier of O_2 dissociation to enhance the clusters'catalytic activities.     

含CO体系在载铜吸附剂上吸附动态性能(2)--数学模型化研究

建立了合适的吸附动态模型,用于描述含CO体系在载铜吸附剂上的吸附特性,利用单组分实验数据的模型参数能够对多组分动态透过曲线进行很好的预测,不仅可减少实验工作量,而且对本体系吸附过程的工业放大设计具有指导意义,也为其它吸附过程数模的开发提供借鉴作用.     

微小型高功率CO_2气体激光器的新进展

简要介绍了 CO2 气体激光器、波导 CO2 激光器件微小型化的现状 ,着重介绍了自己研制的全金属环状波导管 CO2 激光器件 .该器件按增益体积整体缩放 ,扩散冷却型新技术、新概念 .并指出 ,该新技术、新概念将是今后气体 CO2 激光器微小型高功率化的最有效途径之一 .     

Preparation and kinetic analysis of Li4SiO4 sorbents with different silicon sources for high temperature CO2 capture

Using diatomite and analytical pure SiO2 as silicon sources,Li4SiO4 sorbents for high temperature CO2 capture were prepared through solid-state reaction method.Phase composition was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,and the CO2 absorption capacity and absorptoin-desorption performance were studied by the simultaneous thermal thermogravimetric analyzer(TG-DSC).The results showed that silicon source had an important influence on CO2 absorption properties.The kinetic parameters for the chemisorption and diffusion processes were obtained by the isothermal study for different silicon sources.The results showed that the activation energies for these two processes were estimated to be 105.427 and 35.928 kJ/mol for the sample with analytical pure SiO2(AS).While for the sample with diatomite(DS),the activation energies for these two processes were estimated to be 78.500 and 20.439 kJ/mol,respectively.