特低渗储层孔隙结构对CO2驱特征影响

由于强烈的成岩作用,特低渗储层孔隙结构特征复杂,核磁共振实验结果表明,渗透率相近的岩心具有不同的孔隙结构,实验特低渗岩心孔隙结构特征表现为双峰分散型、双峰偏细歪度型及双峰偏粗歪度型;通过核磁共振方法研究了孔隙结构对水驱及后续CO2驱特征的影响,结果表明,不同孔隙结构岩心CO2驱提高采收率机理不同,对于双峰偏细歪度型岩心,CO2驱主要驱替小孔隙中的富集原油,提高了微观波及效率;对于双峰偏粗歪度岩心,CO2驱主要驱替大、中孔隙中的残余油滴和油膜,提高了驱油效率,实验结果为CO2驱提高采收率机理研究及油藏优选提供了参考。     

SO2/CO2气体对纯镁及AZ91D合金的保护行为

为探究气体保护纯镁及镁合金免于氧化及燃烧的机制,研究了体积分数为3%SO2和97%CO2混合气体在非封闭熔化炉中对熔融纯镁及AZ91D合金的保护行为。借助具有能谱测定(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析了熔融纯镁及AZ91D合金表面膜的显微组织、化学成分及相组成。结果表明:在680℃AZ91D合金表面膜密集连续,其厚度约为2μm,而纯镁表面膜厚度约为1μm,混合气体对AZ91D合金的保护效果优于纯镁。两种熔体表面膜由MgO、MgS及少量单质C相组成。除AZ91D表面膜含有少量Al外,两种表面膜均含有S、C、O及Mg元素。     

Long-term Energy Demand and CO_2 Problem in the PRC

The long-term energy demand in China and the-Chinese share in global CO2 emission are forecasted on the basis of scenarios of population growth and economy development up to 2050 proposed in view of the interaction of energy, economy, environment and social development. The total energy demand in 2050 will reach 4.4~ 5.4 billion tce. It is shown in energy supply analysis that coal is China's major energy in primary energy supply. The share of CO2 emission in the future Chinese energy system will be out of proportion to its energy consumption share because of the high persentage of coal to be consumed. It will reach about 27%. The nuclear option which would replace 30.7% of coal in the total primary energy supply will reduce the share by 9.8%. So the policy considerations on the future Chinese energy system is of great importance to the global CO2 issues.     

Photoautotrophic Growth and Net Photosynthetic Rate of Sweet Potato Plantlets In Vitro as Affected by the Number of Air Exchanges of the Vessel and Type of Supporting Material

Introduction Micropropagation, a plant tissue culture technique, has contributed to producing virus-free, genetically supe-rior plantlets. However, its commercial application is still limited due to its relatively high production costs. The high costs are…     

芳香族聚醯胺(aramid)短纤维强化FRP的激光加工性能试验

CO2激光适用于芳香族聚醯胺短纤维强化FRP板的孔加工。在纤维百分含量为常数下,改变照射时间和激光能量,用显微镜观察孔及其周边的特征、状况,检查孔的结构与质量。结果显示,减少照射可实现加工孔的高质量。     

CO2热力学性质的量子化学计算

采用MP2,QCISD和密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311g**和6-311+g**水平上优化和计算了CO2和O2平衡几何结构、能量和谐性振动频率,导出了在标准条件(T=298.15 K,p=1.013×105Pa)下的熵、热焓和热容,并由此计算得到了CO2的标准生成焓和标准生成自由焓.结果显示,B3LYP/6-311G**方法计算得到的CO2和O2的平衡几何结构、能量、谐性振动频率、熵和热容与实验值符合最好;而MP2/6-311G**方法计算得到的CO2标准生成焓和标准生成自由焓与实验值符合最好.     

光照对坛紫菜生长和无机碳利用的影响

］以坛紫菜Z-61品系为研究材料,分析坛紫菜叶状体和丝状体在三种光强（10,50,500 μmol·m-2·s-1）下的应答。发现:1）坛紫菜叶状体和丝状体的光系统 Ⅱ 最大量子产量及叶绿素a和藻红蛋白的含量都随光强增加而降低,但净光合速率、最大光合速率、胞外碳酸酐酶活性和总碳酸酐酶活性则随光强增加而增加。2）当光强从10 μmol·m-2·s-1增加到500 μmol·m-2·s-1时,坛紫菜叶状体的生长速率约增加77%;丝状体的生长速率先增加后降低,在光强500 μmol·m-2·s-1下达到最低,比在10 μmol·m-2·s-1下显著下降了约90%。3）在三种光强下,坛紫菜叶状体的最大光合速率、光系统 Ⅱ 最大量子产量和生长速率都大幅高于丝状体。这些结果表明:坛紫菜的光系统 Ⅱ、光合作用与生长对光强的应答并不完全一致;叶状体比丝状体更适应高光,这可能是长期进化的结果;光强可以改变坛紫菜对无机碳的吸收。     

超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法制备尤特奇S100纳米颗粒

采用超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法(ASES)制备了尤特奇S100(Eudragit S100)纳米粒,考察了有机溶剂的选择、压力、温度、溶液浓度及流速等主要工艺参数对Eudragit S100纳米粒形貌及粒径大小的影响,并采用扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱分析对结果进行了表征。结果表明,在以丙酮作为溶剂、压力为16 MPa、温度为45℃、溶液浓度为1 mg/m L的工艺条件下,可制备出有机溶剂残留少、分布均匀、平均粒径为30~60 nm的Eudragit S100纳米颗粒。纳米粒子的平均粒径随温度、压力的升高而减小,随溶液浓度的减小而减小。     

Analysis of fragrance composition in three cultivars of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Osmanthus fragrans</Emphasis> Albus group flower by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

With supercritical CO2 fluid extraction(SCFE), essential oil was extracted from three cultivars of Xianning osmanthus. The fresh osmanthus flower was processed with a petroleum ether digestion method to produce the extractum. The yields of essential oil and extractum were 0.19 % and 0.13 % (m/m) respectively. The essential oil and fragrance composition and content extracted were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The result showed that essential oil contained 36.99%(area/total area) of ionone, ionol and 13.11% of linalool; ionone and ionol contained in extractum were as high as up to 33.33%, while linalool up to 21.92%. Whether essential oil or extractum contains only about 40% fat acid and other ester matters. None of environmental estrogen (phthalic ester) was found in fragrance ingredients. The result also showed that the quality of O. fragrans Albus group fragrance in Xianning is better than that produced in Hangzhou and Anhui districts.     

R600a/CO2一级分凝和二级分凝自复叠制冷循环的性能研究

基于天然工质应用于自复叠制冷循环的研究，对一级分凝和二级分凝自复叠制冷循环进行了理论分析，讨论了使用天然工质R600a／CO2作为非共沸制冷剂时制冷剂的配比、冷凝温度、蒸发温度和冷凝蒸发器冷凝侧出口过冷度对2种循环系统性能的影响．结果表明：2种循环均存在最佳的制冷剂配比，其中二级分凝循环还存在最佳中间温度；在一定的冷凝温度和蒸发温度下，二级分凝自复叠制冷循环与一级分凝自复叠制冷循环相比，性能系数大，单位质量制冷量大，压力比高；随着冷凝温度和蒸发温度的升高，二级分凝循环的性能系数提高得更多．