原子序数与镧系离子理化性质的相关性研究

用原子序数(N)代表镧系离子(Ln^3 )大体结构效应的因素，并将N对镧系离子的16种理化性质(P)进行线性回归，回归方程均在0．001显水平下通过F检验，估算值与实验值都很好吻合。     

Atomic-scale computer simulation for early precipitation process of Ni75Al10V15 alloy

The kinetic model for a ternary system is introduced based on the microscopic diffusion form of the phase-field equations for a binary alloy. The equation is solved in the reciprocal space. This model is used to investigate the early precipitation process of Ni75-Al10V15 by simulating the atomic pictures of the two ordered phases and calculating the order parameters of γ′(Ni3Al) phase. Simulation results show that the γ′ ordered phases precipitate from the disordered matrix by a non-classical nucleation mechanism, and the nonstoichiometric γ′ ordered phase appears first and then transforms into the stoichiometric one. Clusters of V atoms appear at the γ′ phase boundaries followed by the formation of the nonstoichiometric θ ordered phase. The farther the location from γ′ phase boundary is, the lower the order degree of θ phase is. There exist two kinds of DO22 ordered domains: a horizontal one and a vertical one, related to their adjacent γ′ phase boundaries. The model could describe the atomic ordering and composition clustering simultaneously, and any a priori assumption about the new phase structure and precipitation mechanism etc. is unnecessary.     

Computer simulation for the precipitation process of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy

The precipitation mechanism of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy above the L12 instability line, between the L12 and D022 instability lines and below the D022 instability line are studied using microscopic phase-field kinetic equation. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on precipitation mechanism and morphological evolution of the alloy. Our simulations demonstrate that the precipitation is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition above the L12 instability line. It needs certain thermal fluctuations for nucleation and the number of θ phases is small at this temperature. The precipitation mechanism of γ'phase is congruent ordering followed by spinodal decomposition, and θ phase is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition between the L12 and D022 instability lines. The mechanism below the D022 instability line is similar to that between the L12 and D022 instability lines. With the decrease of the temperature, ordering and phase separation becomes fast, the dimension of γ'phase becomes small, the shape transforms from equiaxed to block, the dimension of θ phase becomes large and the shape transforms from strip to circle.     

Effects of Ca on the distribution, structure and morphology of aluminum species in polyaluminum chloride

The flocculation efficiency of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is closely related to the distribution and structure of its AI species, and Al13 is the optimal species in PAC for flocculation. A series of PAC containing Ca was prepared by adding Ca before and after the basifying reaction. The effects of Ca on the Al species were studied by ^27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. The experimental results show that the introduction of Ca increases the content of Alm and Al13 in PAC and decreases their chemical shifts in NMR spectra due to the electric repulsion between the positive Ca species and AI species and the formation of AI-O-Ca complexes.With the rise of Ca/AI molar ratio, the AI species in PAC tend to scatter. It is observed that the formerly branch-aggregated clusters are tending to form granule-aggregated ones whose diameter gets smaller and smaller, and the floccule aggregates are formed at a higher Ca/Al molar ratio. The introduction of Ca to PAC, which increases the Al13 content, is certainly to enhance the flocculation efficiency of PAC in water treatment.     

回溯推理与经济解释

皮尔士提出的回溯推理是根据事实尝试性地提出理论假说,应用演绎推理从前提推出一些结论,作出预言,然后,根据实验来验证.如果预言得到实验的证实,那么,我们可以在一定程度上接受这一假说,把它转化为理论.回溯推理是一类独立的逻辑推理形式,其特点在于作出最佳解释.最佳解释推理要求具备一致性、简单性、类比性等特点.回溯推理在经济解释和经济学方法论中比归纳和演绎更为适用.     

多层喷射沉积制备耐热铝合金管坯热流分析(Ⅱ) --沉积过程热流分析

通过建立沉积阶段热流分析模型，对多层喷射沉积制备耐热铝合金管坯过程中喷射流沉积后的凝固和冷却进行了分析．喷射流沉积后与基体／沉积坯的传导热交换占热输出率的90％以上，在沉积过程中，沉积面的温度变化呈周期性的升降．计算结果表明，多层喷射沉积采用移动坩埚式扫描方式，延长了喷射流沉积时间间隔，喷射流沉积后可以获得10^3K／s以上的冷却速度。     

草酸盐法合成Li_aNi_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_2及电化学性能研究

采用草酸盐沉淀及高温固相反应相结合的方法合成了锂离子电池的活性正极材料Li_aNi_(0.7)Co_(0.3)O_2.XRD、SEM及电化学测试数据表明:该材料结晶及层状结构良好,首次充放电比容量为175.4mAh/g和142.9mAh/g,循环30次后放电比容量仍为136.0mAh/g,比容量损失只有4.8%.     

以水滑石及类水滑石为前体的2Mg/Al和2Ni/Al混合氧化物的表征

制备了来源于共沉淀法合成的水滑石(HT)和类水滑石(HTLc)前体的2Mg/Al和2Ni/Al混合氧化物,采用BET、XRD、TG-DTA、TPR、FT-IR、微量量热吸附和异丙醇探针催化反应进行了研究.结果表明,以HT和HTLc为前体制备的混合氧化物比表面积较大;在TPR中,2Mg/Al不还原、2Ni/Al混合氧化物是经由Ni2+→Ni°的还原过程;混合氧化物表面含有酸性位和碱性位;含镍氧化物样品的表面以L酸为主而B酸量极少;含镍样品的异丙醇催化反应转化率高,生成丙酮量大,表明其表面的氧化还原位是主要的.     

纳米Al2O3/PVAc复合材料的制备与表征

用硝酸铝和碳酸铵为原料,以聚乙二醇为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米Al2O3溶胶.用液-液混合分散法将制得的纳米Al2O3溶胶分散于聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)的丙酮溶液中,得到无色透明的纳米Al2O3/PVAc复合溶胶,将溶胶刮涂制膜,得无色透明的Al2O3/PVAc复合膜.用透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱对复合材料进行了表征.激光粒度分析仪分析表明,Al2O3在PVAc粒径在30～35 nm范围内,平均密度31.2 nm、体积平均27.5 nm、数均25.3 nm .Zeta电位值为-42.5 mV.并对Al2O3/PVAc复合溶胶进行紫外吸收测试,结果显示,与纯PVAc溶液相比,最大吸收峰蓝移10.4 nm,且吸光度增加2.3倍.     

泡沫铝基高分子复合材料制备及其性能

为了提高泡沫铝基高分子复合材料的机械性能，通过向泡沫铝孔洞中浸渗入高分子材料的方法制备了四种泡沫铝基复合材料，并对其压缩、抗冲击和阻尼等性能进行了实验研究。实验结果与所预测的结果相一致，即制备的泡沫铝基高分子复合材料的如上三性能均较其复合相得以提高．研究结果既寻求到一种制备功能结构一体化材料的新途径，又有助于促进泡沫铝应用范围的扩展。