Philosophy of chemistry and the image of science

The philosophical analysis of chemistry has advanced at such a pace during the last dozen years that the existence of philosophy of chemistry as an autonomous discipline cannot be doubted any more. The present paper will attempt to analyse the experience of philosophy of chemistry at the, so to say, meta-level. Philosophers of chemistry have especially stressed that all sciences need not be similar to physics. They have tried to argue for chemistry as its own type of science and for a pluralistic understanding of science in general. However, when stressing the specific character of chemistry, philosophers do not always analyse the question ‘What is science?’ theoretically. It is obvious that a ‘monistic’ understanding of science should not be based simply on physics as the epitome of science, regarding it as a historical accident that physics has obtained this status. The author’s point is that the philosophical and methodological image of science should not be chosen arbitrarily; instead, it should be theoretically elaborated as an idealization (theoretical model) substantiated on the historical practice of science. It is argued that although physics has, in a sense, justifiably obtained the status of a paradigm of science, chemistry, which is not simply a physical science, but a discipline with a dual character, is also relevant for elaborating a theoretical model of science. The theoretical model of science is a good tool for examining various issues in philosophy of chemistry as well as in philosophy of science or science studies generally.     

ROLE OF α-PSEUDO-UNIVEX FUNCTIONS IN VECTOR VARIATIONAL-LIKE INEQUALITY PROBLEMS

In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized convex function, namely, a-pseudounivex function, by combining the concepts of pseudo-univex and α-invex functions. Further, we establish some relationships between vector variational-like inequality problems and vector optimization problems under the assumptions of α-pseudo-univex functions. Results obtained in this paper present a refinement and improvement of previously known results.     

鞍山市铁东地区焦炉煤气供应存在的问题及对策

针对2004年冬季,鞍山市铁东地区的焦炉煤气供应状况欠佳,严重影响了市民的日常生活状况,从燃气输配工艺角度,对影响鞍山市铁东地区焦炉煤气供应的问题进行了剖析,并有针对性地提出了完善输配工艺、加强行业监管的对策.     

浅议我国建筑垃圾产业化中存在的关键问题

阐述了我国建筑垃圾产业化的重要性与必要性,利用两个建筑垃圾产业化企业实例从正反两方面论述了我国建筑垃圾产业化中存在的关键问题是相应的法律法规和标准规范的及时制定、政府的政策导向和相关部门工作的协调、公众宣传教育的加强。     

山东省人口发展趋势的定量分析

根据山东省第四次人口普查资料,采用人口发展动态模型,对山东人口发展过程进行了优化分析研究,针对山东省人口发展过程中存在的问题,进一步探讨了解决的有效途径。     

反对称三对角矩阵的正反特征值问题

本文介绍了化反对称矩阵为反对称三对角矩阵的Ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｅｒ方法和Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ方法， 以及计算反对称三对角矩阵特征值的低阶算法。讨论了反对称三对角矩阵与对称三对角矩 阵间的关系，提出了反对称三对角矩阵的特征值反问题，并给出了计算方法。     

生物学实验教学中存在的问题及对策

分析了高师院校生物学实验教学中存在的主要问题，并就如何提高实验教学质量提出了应对措施。     

带有Ornstein-Uhlenbeck 过程的随机logistic种群模型

研究带有均值回复Ornstein-Uhlenbeck过程的随机logistic种群模型的动力学行为。证明收获努力E＊可以控制随机微分方程模型的随机灭绝和持续:若E≥E＊并且满足一些其他条件,则种群灭绝;若E     

Population biology of bryozoans: correlates of sessile,colonial life histories in freshwater habitats

Bryozoans are common, often abundant, sessile, colonial invertebrates of freshwaters. By reviewing what is known of their general ecology and considering in further detail the population biology of specific groups, we provide evidence that 1) populations are locally ephemeral and regional persistence is attained via a dynamic equilibrium between dispersal and colonization, and 2) sex may often be infrequent and a high degree of clonality obtains at both local and regional scales. On the basis of these characteristics we discuss how the group offers exceptional opportunities for investigating a number of fundamentally important ecological and evolutionary questions.The highly curious modification of the Molluscan type which the Polyzoa [=Bryozoa] present... the great beauty of their forms, and the facility with which they can in general be observed in a living state, cannot but render them special favorites for every lover of Nature; and for the more profound student must confer on them a peculiar significance, and invest their study with a scientific interest which is scarcely surpassed by that of any other group of animals.... (Allman 1856)     

良定Hadamard问题的统一研究

本文给出了良定Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ问题的一个统一定理。