变温带地温应力研究

变温带中的岩体温度差应力．随季节性气温变化产生正反向应力升降变化．其属物理风化作用，具有反应力应变特性，因其耦合于自重卸荷力，地下水动水压力、静水压力．形成认知上的“屏蔽效应”，故在岩土工程工作中被忽视，成为工程稳定中的匿能，地质灾变中的匿动力．讨论了变温热源，岩体中的热传导，岩性与构造对岩体导热特性的影响，温变过程中温差应力演绎．提出温差应力多维正交各向差异性与其计算公式，供讨论商榷．     

大冶铁矿露天岩体粘聚力模糊综合评价研究

岩体结构性和非均质性决定力学参数c，φ是各个因素作用下一个综合值，同时由于影响因素繁多、机理复杂和工程地质条件的复杂性，c，φ具有很强的模糊性。影响岩体的力学性质的因素很多，对于边坡问题主要因素有岩块力学性质、结构面的自然特征、岩体结构、水文地质条件、风化作用、爆破作用等。这些因素本身就具有很强的模糊性。文中结合黄大冶铁矿采场边坡工程，根据边坡岩体所处工程地质环境，采用多级多因素模糊综合评价法区分不同因素对边坡影响大小综合处理得到合理的力学参数。     

Grain-size evidence for multiple origins of the reticulate red clay in southern China

The loess-paleosol sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau record the multi-cyclic paleo-climatic changes in the Quaternary period[1]. Presently, what interests people most is that at what degrees and scales the climates in southern China had corresponded to the alternating changes be-tween the glacial and interglacial climates in northern China in the Quaternary period. Many researchers[2―10] hope to find some potential Quaternary sediment materials in southern China, just as the loess-paleoso…     

FTIR-ATR chamber for observation of efflorescence and deliquescence processes of NaClO4 aerosol particles on ZnSe substrate

NaClO4 aerosol particles with diameter of 5-20 microns are deposited on the ZnSe substrate. An FTIR-ATR chamber on the ZnSe substrate is set up to observe the structural changes of NaClO4 aerosol particles at crystallization relative humidity （CRH） and deliquescence relative humidity （DRH）. With the decrease of RH （relative humidity） from 96% to 24% in the efflorescence process, the absorbance of O-H stretching band of the aerosol solutions continuously decreases. A sudden decrease of the water peak is observed at RH20%, where solid particles form. Very small amount of residual interfacial water, with two weak peaks at 3602 and 3533 cm^-1, can still be resolved in the FTIR-ATR spectra of the solid particles. In the deliquescence process of the same sample, little spectral changes are observed when the value of RH varies from 5% to 29%. Before the abrupt increase of the O-H stretching band at the DRH of about RH46%, a pre-deliquescence process is observed, i.e. in the RH range between 33% and 46%, there is really a slow absorbance increase for the peak area of O-H stretching band. The O-H stretching band shows an arciform O-H en- velope, totally different from not only the FTIR-ATR spectra of ClO4^- solutions either under supersaturated state or in diluted state, but also the characteristic of the residually interfacial water discussed in the efflorescence process. Such kind of water is considered as pure water, indicating that small amount of water aggregates in the microspaces of solid aerosol particles due to the capillary cohesion effect. When the RH arrives at RH44%, two weak shoulders at 3384 and 3260 cm^-1 can be resolved, and the solid NaClO4 particles begin to be dissolved by increasing capillary cohesion water. The spectral characteristic of the v3-ClO4^- band also shows the transition from solid particles to mainly solvated ClO4^- ions.     

“风化”还是“粉化”?

正看到"风化"两字,很容易想到地表的岩石在风吹、日晒、雨淋下逐渐破碎、分解的过程。这一理解是不错的。"风化"是一个涉及面很广的词。全国科学技术名词审定委员会(以下简称全国科技名词委)公布的《地理学名词》《土壤学名词》《地质学名词》中都收了"风化作用"。《地质学名词》无定义。《地理学名词》中的定义是"地球表面的岩石受太阳辐射、温度变化、氧、二氧化碳、水和生物等     

碳酸盐黏土型锂资源的发现及意义

黏土型锂资源具有矿床规模大、分布稳定、开发利用成本低的特点,成为近年来全球寻找新类型锂资源的一个重要方向.已报道的黏土型锂矿床成因上均与火山物质联系密切,本研究提出了成因机制与碳酸盐岩风化-沉积有关"碳酸盐黏土型锂矿床"的成矿新类型.主要地质地球化学特征可归纳为:(1)成矿物质来自基底的不纯碳酸盐岩;(2)主要以吸附方式存在于蒙脱石相中;(3)沉积环境对锂的富集具有重要的控制作用,还原、低能、滞留、局限的古地理环境有利于Li富集;(4)除Li外,还可能有Ga和REE的富集.根据这一新的成矿模型,通过科研示范性勘查,在滇中地区获得34×10~4t氧化锂资源量,达到超大型规模,验证了"碳酸盐黏土型锂矿床"这一新类型资源的成矿潜力.由于我国具有这一有利成矿条件的地区众多,可以预期,碳酸盐黏土型锂资源将有望成为我国新的重要的锂资源来源.     

化学风化作用中的微量元素地球化学——以江西龙南黑云母花岗岩风化壳为例

对江西龙南黑云母花岗岩风化壳中常量元素、微量元素和REE的含量、分布及迁移规律的研究发现: 风化过程中的主要矿物学变化为长石→蒙脱石,伊利石→高岭石,埃洛石→硅铝土. 活动性元素为Na, Ca, Si, P, V, U, Sr, 而Ti, Al, Fe, Sc, Th, Zr, Hf保持稳定. 除Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta, Th/Sc, Zr/Nb和Sm/Nd外,其他微量元素比值都发生了变化. REE和Y在剖面内重新分布,风化样品稀土配分模型在继承母岩特征的同时,发生了一系列分异. 总体而言,化学风化程度是影响风化剖面中矿物成分、主要和微量元素含量、分布的关键因素,在根据沉积物矿物和微量元素分布研究源区特征时,应充分考虑到源岩化学风化的程度.     

早期陆生维管植物起源和演化研究取得重要突破

具根的维管植物的出现加速了地球的风化作用,改变了陆地的生态系统.故维管植物根的起源和演化是早期生     

新疆库鲁克塔格震旦系冰碛岩的地球化学特征及其对物源区的指示

库鲁克塔格震旦系冰碛岩样品的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素(REEs)特征表明,Na2O,Ba和HREE比太古代后页岩富集,Sr,Cr,Co,Ni和Sc则相对亏损;其他元素与NASC和PAAS特征相似.地球化学特征指示库鲁克塔格震旦系冰碛岩主要来源于以长英质岩石为主的物源区.K2O/Al2O3低的比值,表明源区物质中的碱性长石含量较低.库鲁克塔格震旦系冰碛岩的REE配分模式和负Eu异常特征表明它们的物源区中老地壳的组分占较大的比例,发生过壳内分异作用.高的Na2O的含量和(La/Yb)n>2的特征说明它们的成熟度低于PAAS和NASC.化学蚀变指数(CIA值)指示库鲁克塔格震旦系冰碛岩的物源区古风化程度较低.一些样品表现高K的特征,在Al2O3-(CaO* Na2O)-K2O(A-CN-K)三角图中表现为向K顶点方向上偏移,表明这些冰碛岩在沉积期后发生了不同程度的钾交代.     

Distribution characteristics of ^137Cs in wind-eroded soil profile and its use in estimating wind erosion modulus

~~Distribution characteristics of ~(137)Cs in wind-eroded soil profile and its use in estimating wind erosion modulus1.Tamura, T, Jacobs, D. G, Structural implications in cesium sorp-tion, Health Physics, 1960, 6(2): 391-398. 2.Rogowshi, A. S., Tamura, T, Movement of 137Cs by runoff, erosion and infiltration on the alluvial captina silt loam, Health Physics, 1965, 11(12): 1333-3340. 3.Owens, P. N., Walling, D. E., He, Q. P., The behaviour of bomb-derived caesium-137 fallout in …