ABA、6—BA对质膜破坏的影响研究

以小麦(Tricua aestivum)离体叶片为材料,通过衰老处理,研究其衰老过程中质膜的分解与破坏。结果表明:经脱落酸(ABA)处理的叶片,其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、抗坏血酸(Vitam C)含量下降加剧,丙二醛(MDA)迅速积累,质膜透性丧失加快,膜破坏迅速;经6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)处理,其SOD活性、Vitam C含量下降减缓,MDA缓慢积累,质膜透性丧失减慢,膜破坏减缓。     

杨粮复合系统内生态因子的变化及对小麦产量的影响

对徐淮平原杨粮复合系统内不同物候期生态因子的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：在杨树展叶期,不同株行距生态因子变化不明显,能满足小麦生长需要;在杨树展叶后的全叶期到盛叶期,不同株行距生态因子变化有明显差异,并对小麦生长有一定影响。从实验区不同复合模式下小麦产量的高低考虑该区最佳的复合模式为：杨树间作行距≥30m,林网200m×300m.     

甘肃定西地区3个小麦品种对土壤干旱胁迫响应的分析

在人工控制土壤水分条件下,对甘肃定西地区的3个小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种定西24、甘麦8和陇春8139的幼苗生长及其水分代谢生理进行了研究.结果表明,随干旱胁迫程度的增加,3种小麦幼苗耗水量明显减少,表现为甘麦8>定西24>陇春8139;叶面积扩展速度逐渐降低,其中陇春8139叶片扩展速度下降最为明显;叶片相对含水量、游离脯氨酸、叶绿素含量及水分利用效率也有不同程度的变化,其中陇春8139的叶片含水量、脯氨酸含量均明显高于甘麦8和定西24,叶片中叶绿素a与叶绿素b的质量比值和水分利用效率值也上升得较多.以上结果证明,陇春8139相对于甘麦8和定西24具有较强的抗旱能力,能够适应干旱少雨的自然条件.     

小麦矮腥黑粉菌PCR快速检疫鉴定方法

设计一对特异性引物,对小麦矮腥黑粉菌(TCK)及其近似种进行PCR扩增,结果表明TCK可以扩增出200bp清晰条带,而其近似种未出现条带,该方法可以作为TCK的PCR快速检疫鉴定方法。     

Development of Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus ditelosomic substitution line 7Lr#1S（7A） with resistance to wheat scab and its meiotic behavior analysis

Leymus racemosus is highly resistant to wheat scab （Fusarum head bright）. The transfer of scab resistant gene from L. racemosus to Triticum aestivum is of great significance for broadening the base of wheat resistance. In the present study, the pollen of T. aestivum-L, racemosus monosomic addition line with scab resistance was treated by irradiation with 1200 R ^60Co-γ-rays prior to pollinating to emasculated wheat cv. Mianyang 85-45. Nine plants with a telocentric chromosome 7Lr#1S were observed in M1, and one ditelosomic substitution line 7Lr#1S was selected from selfcrossing progenies and confirmed by chromosome C-banding and GISH. Furthermore, a co-dominant EST-SSR marker CINAU 31 was employed to identify this substitution line. A pair of chromosome 7A of common wheat were found to be replaced by a pair of telocentric chromosome 7Lr#1S, and further investigation showed that chromosome configuration of the substitution line at MI of PMCs after GISH was 17.50Ⅱ^w ＋ 2.19Ⅱ^w ＋ 0.42Ⅱ^7Lr#1S ＋ 1.08 Ⅰ^7Lr#1S ＋ 0.69 Ⅰ^w. Two telocentric chromosomes paired as a bivalent in 59.7% of PMCs. Abnormal chromosome behaviors of telocentric chromosomes were observed in part of PMCs at anaphase I and telophase I, including the moving of two telocentric chromosomes to the same pole, lagging and earlier separation of their sister chromatid. All these abnormal behaviors can be grouped into three distinct types of tetrads according to different numbers of 7Lr#1S in their daughter cells and various micronucleus in some tetrads. However, due to the high transmission frequency of the female and male gametes with a 7Lr#1S, 84% of the selfcrossing progeny plants had ditelosomic substitution. The substitution line showed high resistance to wheat scab in a successive two-year test both in the greenhouse and field; hence, the line will be particularly valuable for alien gene mapping, small fragment translocation induction and telosomic cytological behavior analysis.     

春小麦种质对麦长管蚜的抗蚜性鉴定

2002-2004年,利用蚜情指数法对小麦种质进行麦长管蚜田间自然感蚜抗性鉴定,从521份春小麦种质中筛选出高抗种质3份,抗性种质9份,二者占鉴定材料的2.29%,对此3份高抗材料与5份高感材料人工接虫鉴定,结果表明:灌浆期室内穗部人工接种麦长管蚜抗性鉴定结果与田间成株期自然感蚜抗性鉴定结果基本一致,04-9284和C272穗部抗生性强,抗生性为其主要的抗蚜机制之一,而C151穗部抗生性差,其抗蚜机制以不选择性为主.