草甘膦防除厦门外来入侵植物猫爪藤的应用研究

在植物生长箱的控制条件下进行草甘膦对厦门入侵植物猫爪藤种子萌发影响的试验,结果表明:用浓度0.1%、施药量0.4kg/667 m2(10%草甘膦水剂,下同)的药液喷洒,可将其种子消灭在萌发状态.在厦门大学后山相思林地,选择受猫爪藤危害的地段,采用草甘膦进行防除试验,结果表明:对猫爪藤危害程度较轻的地段,以及人工清除后又刚长出的猫爪藤植株,用浓度0.1%～0.5%、施药量0.4～2.0 kg/667 m2的药液做非选择性茎叶喷洒效果较好;对猫爪藤生长占优势、危害严重的地段,用浓度1.0%、施药量4.0kg/667 m2的药液做非选择性茎叶喷洒,施药60 d后块根死亡率达85.5%;对藤茎直径不小于0.4 cm的植株,从距地面约10 cm处将藤茎割断,采用经10%草甘膦浸泡的药棉来覆盖在藤茎切面上,施药后60 d块根死亡率达81.3%.因此,采用上述方法可有效控制猫爪藤的危害.     

aroA基因的克隆和优化

除草剂草甘膦 (glyphosate ,N_phosphonomethylglycine )的靶标酶是由aroA基因编码的EPSP (5_烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸_3_磷酸 ,5_enolpyruvylshikimate_3_phosphate)合成酶。采用先进的基因优化技术 ,以鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌和大肠杆菌的EPSP合成酶基因为模板 ,通过随机结合 ,交错延伸的PCR扩增过程 ,克服定点突变的局限性 ,使基因获得多位点突变 ,并使之在大肠杆菌中得到表达。对纯化后的表达产物的酶动力学性质的测定结果表明 ,获得了与作为模板的野生型相比 ,具有高得多的酶活力 (降低的Km (PEP) )和大大增强的草甘膦抗性 (升高的Ki(glyphosate) )的突变基因     

光电化学除草剂检测系统设计

我国农作物生产中化学除草剂被广泛使用，但除草剂的残留会威胁人们的生命健康。基于纳米技术和光电化学技术，研制的Au/ZnO/Co₃O₄/NF纳米复合材料除草剂残留传感器具有灵敏度高、检测限低等特点，以Au/Zn O/Co₃O₄/NF纳米复合材料除草剂残留传感器电极为基础，结合嵌入式技术设计的传感器样机成本低、制作工艺简便、操作简单，为新型光电化学除草剂残留传感器的研制提供了很好的研究案例，有一定的科研和应用价值，特别是在农业领域具有较大的应用前景。     

Characterization of Halomonas Varabilis Strain HTG7 Conferring Glyphosate Resistance

Bcterial strain HTG7 is isolated from extremely glyphosate-polluted soil. It is identified as Halomonas Varabilis. It can tolerate in 500m mol/L glyphosate concentration. Physiological characterization of strain HTG7 shows that the optimum pH and temperature are 7.0 and 30℃, respectively. It grows well in the NaCl concentrations ranging from 0% to 10%. A plasmid pACYC184 carrying a 3.5kb DNA fragment, which confers increased glyphosate tolerance, is cloned. The DNA fragment is able to complement with an E coli auxotrophic aroA mutant.     

Fenton光催化降解草甘膦生产废水研究

以Fenton（Fe^3＋／H2O2）光催化降解草甘膦废水,跟踪体系化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD）,研究了不同条件下（光源、试剂浓度和酸度等）废水光催化氧化特性及光催化反应条件．探讨了在太阳光及紫外光照射条件下Fenton试剂组分Fe^3＋与H2O2不同投料比、投料量、介质酸度对光催化降解废水的影响．结果表明,利用太阳光、紫外光能显著提高废水降解速率;太阳光照射条件下,Fe^3＋/H2O2为1：10投量比,pH=3时,对废水COD降解效果最佳,COD去除率达82％．     

Novel layered pesticide slow/controlled release materials——supramolecular structure and slow release property of glyphosate intercalated layered double hydroxides

Two different interlayer structured glyphosate(GLY) intercalated MgAI layered double hydroxides, as novel pesticide slow/controlled release materials, have been synthesized by co-precipitation method under various reaction pH values. The slow/controlled release properties have been tested in Na2CO3 aqueous solution. The release mechanism has been interpreted on the basis of the ion-exchange between the guest GLY anions in the lamellar host and CO3^2- in the release media, and the diffusion process of GLY anions in the interstice and interlayer of GLY intercalates, i.e.diffusion through the particles, is the rate-limiting step of GLY release process. The GLY intercalate assembled at lower pH, possessing higher interlayer gallery height and vertical monolayered arrangement of guest anions in the interlayer with larger packing density, exhibits better slow release property than that assembled at higher pH. The results reveal that the layered double hydroxides have potential application in the pesticide slow/controlled release area.     

Alternative split sites for fragment complementation,and glyphosate function as extra ligand and stabilizer for the AroA enzyme complexes

Protein reconstitution analysis can be useful for studies on protein evolution, protein folding and macromolecular assembly. AroA is a key enzyme in the pathway toward the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in microorganisms and plants, and is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. Our previous study showed that functional AroA enzyme from Escherichia coli could be reconstituted from two ~220-amino acid fragments of the protein. In this study, we explored this fragment complementation of AroA. Through a sys...     

含草甘膦废水处理技术研究现状

草甘膦是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂,可在环境中积累和转移,对环境和人类健康造成潜在威胁.为了人们更好地选择合适的技术去除草甘膦,文章综述了几种废水中草甘膦的处理技术,评价它们的表现,指出它们的优点、缺点和局限性,并对草甘膦废水处理的发展趋势作出了展望.     

用反相高效液相色谱法测定农药草甘膦含量的研究

建立了柱前衍生紫外检测的反相高效液相色谱法,并用其测定了草甘膦原药压制剂中草甘膦的含量．色谱条件为ODS色谱拄,流动相y（甲醇）：y（水）=2：98,其中水相含w=0．1％的磷酸,流速为0＋8mL／min,紫外检测波长为240nm,拄温为室温．实验表明,草甘膦的线性范围为0．008～0．040mg／mL,平均回收率为101％．该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可作为草甘膦农药质量控制的一种新方法．     

除草剂"草甘膦"对鲫鱼外周血红细胞微核及核异常的影响

利用“草甘膦”染毒鲫鱼,以外周血红细胞的微核率和核异常率为指标,研究了“草甘膦”对鲫鱼的毒性。结果显示：“草甘膦”对鲫鱼具有一定的毒性;但不具有剂量效应;与染毒时间的长短也无明显相关性。