干旱胁迫对6个树种叶片光合特性的影响

以鄂西红豆(Ormosia hosiei Hemsl. et Wils)、红叶石楠‘红罗宾’(Photinia×fraseri ‘Red Robin’)、木荷(Schima superba)、榉树(Zelkova schneideriana)、苏柳172(Salix × jiangsuensis cv. ‘J172’)、紫叶李‘好莱坞’(Prunus cerasifera ‘Hollywood’)6个树种为研究对象进行干旱胁迫盆栽试验,比较各树种光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫10 d内6树种光合特性对干旱的响应差异明显,紫叶李‘好莱坞’和苏柳172对干旱胁迫较为敏感,干旱胁迫10 d后光合水平显著下降,气孔限制为主要因素。榉树在处理第4天光合的下降由气孔限制引起,但第10天测定结果显示恢复正常。而鄂西红豆、木荷、红叶石楠‘红罗宾’在10 d胁迫期间未受气孔限制。比较正常灌溉水平下3个时点各树种的Ci／Ca平均值,干旱胁迫10 d内抗旱性表现从强到弱排序为：鄂西红豆、木荷、榉树、红叶石楠‘红罗宾’、苏柳172、紫叶李‘好莱坞’。     

不锈钢薄板激光点焊工艺对金相组织的影响分析

以厚度为0.5 mm的304不锈钢薄板作为研究对象,通过实验探讨了不同工艺下激光点焊的金相组织、力学性能.经过焊点金相微观组织的观察和焊点拉伸强度的试验,可得出结论:激光点焊焊接质量良好,很少出现气孔、飞溅、焊接裂纹、未熔透、未熔合等焊接缺陷,而且不同的激光功率密度或加热时间,对焊点的形貌、尺寸和金相组织有很大影响; 焊点处的耐腐蚀性强度比母材低,而且大部分焊点拉伸位移达到1.5 mm左右就会断裂,平均拉伸强度比母材低281.2 MPa,但平均屈服强度比母材高,满足不锈钢薄板作为换热器的需求.     

镀锌钢激光焊接锌烧损研究

锌烧损是镀锌钢板激光焊接过程中的关键问题之一.本文通过测量焊后上下层锌烧损宽度、中间层锌的相对含量及腐蚀前后增重比,实验研究了激光搭接焊接工艺参数与焊接过程中光致等离子体谱线信息与锌烧损的相关性.研究结果表明:锌烧损的主要影响工艺因素主次顺序为焊接速度、激光功率、辅助气体流量和离焦量;锌的烧损量随着锌谱线Zn I 328.2nm和Zn I 330.3nm的平均强度的增大而增大;气孔因镀层锌的蒸发而产生,直径越大,局域锌元素含量越高.锌谱线强度可用于在线监测镀锌钢激光焊接时气孔的产生及锌烧损量的动态变化.     

Rearrangements of microtubule cytoskeleton in stomatal closure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> induced by nitric oxide

NO （nitric oxide）, known as a key signal molecule in plant, plays important roles in regulation of stomatal movement. In this study, microtubule dynamics and its possible mechanism in the NO signal pathway were investigated. The results were as follows： （i） In vivo stomatsl aperture assays revealed that both vinblastine （microtubule-disrupUng drug） and SNP （exogenous NO donor） prevented stomatsl opening in the light, and vinblastine even could enhance the inhibitory effect of SNP, whereas tsxol （a microtubule-stsbilizing agent） was able to reduce this effect; （ii） microtubules in the opening Arabi-dopsis guard cells expressing GFP：a-tubulin-6 （AtGFP：a-tubulin-6） were organized in parallel, straight and dense bundles, radiating from the ventral side to the dorsal side, and most of them were localized perpendicularly to the ventral wall; （iii） under the same environmental conditions, treated with SNP for 30 min, the radial arrays of microtubules in guard cells began to break down, twisted partially and be- came oblique or exhibited a random pattern; （iv） furthermore, the involvement of cytosolic Ca^2＋ in this event was tested. Stomatal aperture assays revealed that BAPTA-AM （a chelator of Ca^2＋） greatly suppressed the effect of NO on stomatal closure; however, it did not show the same function on stomatal closure induced by vinblastine. When BAPTA-AM was added to the SNP-pretreated solution, the SNP-induced disordered microtubulue cytoskeleton in guard cells underwent rearrangement in a time-dependent manner. After 30 min of treatment with BAPTA-AM, the cortical microtubules resumed the original radial distribution, almost the same as the control. All this indicates that NO may promote rearrangement of microtubule cytoskeleton via elevation of [Ca^2＋]cyt （free Ca^2＋ concentration in the cytoplasm）, finally leading to stomatsl closure.     

Modification of free-energy density functional theory approach for prediction of high-pressure mixture adsorption

A modified non-local free energy density functional theory （NDFT） model, with the consideration of the nonadditivity term of solid-fluid and fluid-fluid interactions and finite pore wall thickness （≈2 layers）, was developed to model the confined fluid mixtures in slit pore. This improved NDFT approach, combining with the pore size distribution （PSD） analysis of adsorbent material can be applied to predicting the adsorption equilibria of high-pressure gas mixtures on activated carbon. Compared with the conventional NDFT method, this new approach partly improves the correlation performance of adsorption equilibrium for pure species and increases the reliability of the PSD analysis. For the mixtures, CH4/N2 and CO2/N2, a relatively improved performance has been observed for the adsorption equilibrium prediction of the mixtures under high-pressure conditions, especially for the weakly adsorbed species.     

蔷薇亚科植物叶表皮微形态特征的初步观察

在光学显微镜下,对蔷薇亚科8属17种植物的叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察和研究,结果表明:所研究的蔷薇亚科植物可划分为3种气孔器类型,即无规则型、放射状细胞型和无规则四细胞型;叶表皮的气孔器一般分布在下表皮,而在菊叶委陵菜(potentilla tanacetifolia)中发现其上表皮也存在气孔器;气孔器类型和气孔指数的特点表明,叶表皮微形态特征在一定程度上能够反映该亚科一些属种之间的演化关系.综合叶表皮、气孔器类型和气孔器指数等特征,认为具无规则气孔器的鸡麻(Rhodotypos)、重瓣棣棠(Kerria japonica)和山楂叶悬钩子(Rubus crataegifolius)等属于较为原始的类群,而具放射状细胞型气孔器的地榆属于较为进化的类群.     

麻疯树光合生理特征研究

研究麻疯树叶片净光合速率日变化及其与环境因子的相互关系,结果表明,麻疯树净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,净光合速率最大值为14.4 μmol CO2·m1-2·S-1,光补偿点为45μmol m-2·S-1,光合主峰出现在11:00,次峰出现在15:30.光合主峰有一个长达4.5 h的高效光合平台期(9.8～14.4μmol CO2·m-2·S-1),是一天中最重要的产物积累时期.净光合速率日变化曲线表明麻疯树光合"午休"现象明显,且气孔限制是产生"午休"的主要原因.麻疯树光能利用率较高,最大值为3.52%.研究显示,麻疯树的光补偿点和光饱和点较高,为耐干旱植物,在高温高辐射时能有效的通过降低气孔导度来限制蒸腾作用.     

对烧结机机尾断面图像气孔特征提取的研究

针对烧结机机尾断面气孔特征提取的研究,提出了一种基于OTSU三次迭代RGB颜色通道的多阈值法;为了保证气孔特征提取的准确性和减少图像细节的丢失,采用OTSU法先分别对机尾断面图像的RGB颜色通道3次迭代进行阈值分量计算,再通过RBG三颜色通道占比比值确定权值,计算出一个全局阈值和两个局部阈值进行三阈值图像分割;利用获取...     

气孔保卫细胞微管对质膜上钾离子通道的调节作用

利用膜片钳技术探讨了气孔保卫细胞微管对质膜上钾离子通道的可能调节作用。在细胞内分别加入微管解聚剂甲基胺草磷与微管稳定剂紫杉醇均显著地抑制保卫细胞全细胞内向钾电流。结果表明,保卫细胞质膜上内向钾离子通道的正常活性有赖于细胞微管的正常解聚／聚合的动态变化,微管系统对钾离子通道的调节可能是细胞骨架调控气孔运动的生理机理之一。     

盐胁迫下青钱柳叶片发育特征和保水能力的变化

以青钱柳3个种源为研究对象,在智能人工气候生长室内采用水培法探讨了不同盐浓度(NaCl质量分数分别为0.1%、0.3%和0.5%)处理对青钱柳幼苗叶气孔形态、发育特征和保水能力的影响。结果表明：NaCl胁迫引起细胞失水,导致叶片肉质化程度降低,贮水能力下降。同时,由于叶片失水,引起气孔开度变小;供试3个种源幼苗叶片保水能力强弱依次为安徽黄山、云南昆明、江西九江。综合分析表明,3个种源青钱柳幼苗的耐盐能力强弱依次为安徽黄山、云南昆明、江西九江。