微波无损检测技术在工程中的应用研究

系统地介绍了微波无损检测的原理和微波无损检测技术在工程中的应用,指出了目前微波无损检测技术在应用中存在的问题,给出了今后研究工作的方向。     

黄土半干旱区土壤水分条件对刺槐蒸腾速率的影响

于2004年夏在山西方山北京林业大学试验基地,采用LI-1600稳态气孔仪,对不同土壤水分条件下盆栽刺槐的生理指标进行了观测。结果表明:黄土半干旱区刺槐蒸腾速率ηt/(μg.cm-2.s-1)与生理辐射强度I/(mol.s-1.m-2)的关系可以表示为:ηt=aIb;蒸腾速率ηt/(μg.cm-2.s-1)、气孔阻力Rs/(s.cm-1)和土壤体积含水量W/%之间存在着密切的关系,分别表示为:ηt=a+bW+cW2,Rs=a+bW+cW2;蒸腾速率一般随光强的增强和土壤水分的提高而增大,刺槐蒸腾速率与土壤水分含量的相关系数平均可达0.8825。通过研究不同土壤水分条件下刺槐蒸腾速率的差异,提出了刺槐水分利用效率的合理供水范围在10%-15%之间,为干旱半干旱地区提高林木的水分利用效率提供了理论依据。     

分配阀体气孔问题的消除

本文针对分配阀体试制中出现的气孔问题,着重从合金的铸造性能分析反应性气孔产生原因。由于生成低熔点的氧化熔渣,其中含有较多的FeO。因此促成了金属与氧化熔渣的相互作用,铸件凝固时渣中的FeO与铁水中的C发生反应生成CO气体,并依附在FeO上形成了渣气孔。为了消除球铁件气孔缺陷,在进行工艺设计考虑浇注位置时必须使铸件立放,以减少砂芯对上升铁水的阻力,防止氧化熔渣被拦截,并能顺利地上浮至铸件上端面,待切削加工时切除,确保铸件质量。     

4种植物气孔对水汽压亏缺敏感度的种间差异

利用CO2交换测定系统和树干液流测定法分别测定了植物的气孔导度(gs)和冠层平均气孔导度(Gs),估测热带亚热带植物桃金娘(Rhodomyrtus tomentusa)、荷木(Schima superba)、九节(Psychotria ruba)、罗伞(Ardisia quinquegone)和马占相思(Acacia mangium)在水汽压亏缺为1 kPa下gs响应叶表面水汽压亏缺(Ds)或Gs响应叶边界层外水汽压亏缺(D)的敏感度与gs或Gs大小的关系。研究的结果及文献引用的相关数据显示,植物气孔对Ds敏感度(dgs/dlnDs)的种间差异较大,与参比气孔导度(gsref)相关(r2=0.88),冠层平均气孔导度(Gs)的相应关系则为r2=0.86。在Ds或D=1 kPa下具有高gs或Gs的植物,其gs对Ds或Gs对D的敏感度较高。耐旱阳生植物桃金娘和荷木在D=1 kPa时有高的gs或Gs,对水汽压亏缺的敏感度较高,而适于遮荫的树种罗伞则有低的gs,对D的敏感度较低。基于液流密度(Js)计算的马占相思Gs对D表现出密切的关系(r2=0.94),当D=1 kPa时,Gs对D的敏感度-m为72.1 mmol.m-1.s-1.ln(kPa)-1,表明马占相思在低D下有较高的Gs。马占相思的Gs与液流密度关系为r2=0.45,Gs对D的敏感度与荷木相近,是适于华南丘陵坡地生长的耐旱外来树种。     

关于泄洪底孔闸门开度测控系统改造分析

介绍了万家寨电站泄洪底孔闸门开度测控系统存在的缺陷,分析了这些缺陷产生的原因,提出了改造方案及技术要求。     

三冲量控制蒸汽锅炉变频调速自动上水系统

传统的锅炉水位控制系统中，给水泵是连续恒速运行的，并且流量的控制是通过调节给水管道中调节阀和回流支路实现的。这两种调节方法都存在明显的缺陷；采用调节阀调节时，由于阀门开度的减小，水泵出口压力上升，阀门两侧的压力将增加。当增加到很大时，不但会造成水泵能量的浪费，而且使得水泵的振动和磨损加大，进而寿命缩短；采用回流支路调节时，大量水的回流也同样造成能量的消耗。因此，由单片控制变频器调节给水泵转速实现给水流量控制的方法。     

Dynamic organization of actin cytoskeleton during the polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplasts

The formation of the polarity of pollen protoplast and the dynamics of actin cytoskeleton were observed by non-fixation, Alexa-Phalloidin probing and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results showed that the protoplast obtained from stored pollen contained numerous crystalline fusiform bodies to constitute a storage form of actin. When dormant pollen was hydrated, the actin cytoskeleton forms a fine network spreading uniformly in the protoplast. In the process of polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, actin filaments marshaled slowly to the brim, and then formed multilayer continuous actin filament bundles surrounding the cortical of the protoplast. When the protoplast was exposed to actin filament-disrupting drugs, such as Latrunculin A and Cytochalasin D, continuously arranged actin bundles were disturbed and in this condition, the protoplast could not germinate. But when exposed to actin filament stabiling drug-phalliodin, the dynamics of actin filaments in the protoplasts behaved normally and the protoplasts could germinate normally. These results were also confirmed by the pharmacology experiments on pollen grains. And when Latrunculin A or Cytochalasin D was washed off, the ratio of pollen germination was resumed partly. All the results above show that the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton are critical in the cell polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, and that the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is mainly due to the rearrangement of actin filament arrays.     

Involvement of carbon monoxide produced by heme oxygenase in ABA-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba and its proposed signal transduction pathway

Carbon monoxide (CO) has recently proven to be an important bioactive or signaling molecule in mammalian cells. Its effects are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). In Vicia faba leaves, CO production and heme oxygenase (HO) activity, an important CO synthetic enzyme, are first reported to increase in response to ABA treatment, which could result in stomatal closure. Inter- estingly, ABA-induced stomatal closure in V. faba guard cells is partially blocked when the synthetic CO inhibitor ZnPP, or the CO/NO scavenger Hb is added. Furthermore, we show that, exogenously applied CO donor, hematin, and CO aqueous solution not only result in the enhancement of CO release, but also time-dependently induce stomatal closure, and the latter is mimicked by the application of an NO donor SNP. The above-mentioned stomatal closure effects are differentially reversed by the addition of tungstate, a potent inhibitor of NO synthetic enzyme nitrate reductase (NR), the specific NO scavenger cPTIO, ZnPP, or Hb. During treatment for 4 h, SNP, 0.01% CO aqueous solution or hematin significantly triggers NO synthesis, whereas cPTIO, or tungstate approximately fully inhibits NO fluorescence. Ad- ditionally, application of the GC inhibitor ODQ blocks CO-induced stomatal closure. This inhibition could be reversed when 8-Br-cGMP is added. Thus, the above results suggest that CO produced by HO is involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure, and NO and cGMP may function as downstream interme- diates in the CO signaling responsible for stomatal closure.     

Al2O3含量对烧结初始液流动行为的影响

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,初始液相流动行为是烧结矿固结效果的重要影响因素。采用微型烧结法,探讨了Al2O3含量对初始液相流动行为的影响,并通过对初始液相微观结构的解析,揭示了Al2O3含量对初始液相气孔分布和结构的影响规律。实验结果表明,初始液相的流动性指数随着Al2O3含量提高而降低。水淬试样的XRD实验结果结果证实,Al2O3含量的增加提高了复合铁酸钙的稳定性,降低了初始液相的流动能力。此外,初始液相流动性亦会对气孔性质产生影响。高Al2O3初始液相中气孔结构不规则程度提高,且小于50μm气孔数目也随之增多。     

碳酸盐岩酸压裂缝导流能力影响因素

酸化压裂是碳酸盐岩储层开发的重要技术手段,酸液注入方式、压裂裂缝开度与酸蚀蚓孔形态等直接影响酸蚀裂缝导流能力。以奥陶系岩下碳酸盐岩储层为研究目标,在建立裂缝开度表征方法基础上,开展不同酸液体系、不同注酸方式、不同裂缝开度及不同缝面形态对酸压裂缝导流能力的影响研究,明确影响酸压裂缝导流能力的主控因素。实验结果表明：主体酸加入稠化、清洁剂后对溶蚀率与酸蚀后裂缝导流能力影响不大;单一注酸与交替注酸方式对酸压裂缝导流能力影响较小,但对残酸返排影响较大,交替注酸方式可降低返排压力70%;裂缝开度越大,酸蚀后裂缝导流能力越大,但提高导流能力倍数越小;裂缝开度>12μm易形成“窜流”酸蚀蚓孔,利于酸蚀通道建立;微裂缝开度与裂缝发育联通是影响酸蚀蚓孔与导流能力的主控因素,次之为微孔发育与联通与储层矿物分布形态。综合酸压工艺推荐先压裂、后酸化、交替注酸的方式。