科普趣味问答——狗与巧克力

问：我曾经读过一篇文章，这篇文章提到不适宜给狗喂巧克力，并且认为巧克力对狗来说是有毒的，真是这样吗？     

冬虫夏草与虫草菌丝有效成分分析比较

对冬虫夏草及其无性型（ＴｏｌｙｐｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍｓｉｎｅｎｓｅＣ．Ｌ．Ｌｉ．）的虫草多糖。红外光谱、甘露糖、氨基酸、微量元素等作了分析和比较。发现二者成分比较近似,通过急性毒性实验Ａｍｅｓ实验,微核实验表明虫草菌丝安全无毒。     

甲醛毒性及其常用检测方法

介绍了日常生活中甲醛的来源及其毒性，以及常用检测方法。     

离子液体的毒性研究及发展方向

离子液体因其特有的物化性质受到越来越多的关注,并被认为是环境友好的"绿色产品".但离子液体的潜在毒性一直被人们所忽视,直到最近才有少量报道.综述了离子液体毒性研究的相关情况:介绍了离子液体毒性研究的方法;离子液体的各部分组成对离子液体毒性的影响;提出了今后离子液体毒性研究的发展方向.     

运动性肌肉延迟性疼痛的组织学探讨

运动性肌肉延迟性疼痛是一个全身多个系统,多个层次综合作用的结果.本文在组织学基础上提出影响肌肉延迟性疼痛的可能性机制,其目的是为运动性肌肉延迟性疼痛的研究从组织学方面提供理论依据.     

蒙古绵羊胚胎肠绒毛的组织发生

用组织学常规方法研究32～550 mm蒙古绵羊胚胎各段肠的组织学结构.研究结果显示,蒙古绵羊各肠段在发育过程中都有绒毛的发生,且绒毛发育呈现了各自不同的特点:肠绒毛发生时期不同,发生过程不同,大肠绒毛退化消失时期也不同.     

TBTCI对鲤鱼组织Na^——K^＋—ATPase的毒性研究

通过离体,活体实验研究了TBTC1对鲤鱼锶,肾,脑中Na^ ,K^ -ATPase的毒性作用,在活性实验中,对TBTC1的敏感性,脑＞肾＞腮,离体实验中TBTC1对鳃, ,脑Na^ -K -ATPasxe的IC50值分别为1．38,1．23和1．07umol/L,选取脑酶源进行TBTC1对Na^ -K^ -ATPase作用机理探讨,发现TBTC1对Na^ ,K^ 和底物分别是Na^ -K^ -ATPase的非竞争性抑制剂。     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

初生扬子鳄嗅球、嗅束的组织学结构研究

本文采用尼氏,Ｈ．Ｅ．及Ｈａｇｑｕｉｓｔ等染色方法对扬子鳄的嗅球,嗅束的显微结构进行了研究,横切面上,嗅球可分为清晰的８层,从外到内,分别是神经纤维层,小球层,外颗粒层,外网状层,僧帽细胞层,内网状层,内颗粒层和室慕支。嗅束的横切面上可见梨状皮质,海马及嗅前核等结构。     

隆线潘雄性生殖系统的组织学研究

隆线溞雄性生殖系统由一对精巢、一对输精管和一个雄性生殖孔组成.精巢呈腊肠形,管壁由结缔组织膜和生殖上皮构成.输精管呈细直管状,末端膨大,管壁以结缔组织膜为主.雄体的生殖细胞发生经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和成熟精子五个时期.成熟精子呈棒状.精子群的发生具有同步化趋势.雄体的性成熟一般经历四个龄期.隆线溞雄性生殖系统在结构与功能上表现出相对的原始性和适应性,两者相互结合,使以隆线溞为代表的枝角类更能适应复杂多变的生活环境.