植物生理学通向新农业的途径（纲要）

1 引言人类面临着人口、食物、能源、环境、资源问题的挑战,我国形势尤为严峻。人口每年增加1500万,耕地每年减少700万亩。人口多,底子薄,资源匮乏。我国农业发展必须依靠科技进步,走“高产优质高效”的道路,植物生理学对振兴农业将愈益显示其重要作用。2 21世纪新农业2.1 发展农业由靠能源、凭经验转到更加依靠科学发达国家发展农业生产在较大程度上依靠能源,大量投资化肥、农药和高度机械化是其特征。Wittwer 指出:“将有一个世界范围的急剧转变,从依靠自然资源为基础的农业转向更以依靠科学为基础的农业”。     

植物B染色起源途径的探讨

本文根据Ｂ染色体的特性，提出了植物Ｂ染色体的细胞融合起源的假设。此假设是以两个细胞的融合为前提。它认为，两个异周期的花粉母细胞进行当色质的穿壁和切割，切割出的带着丝粒的染色质片段经过长期的结构变化，适应形成现在的Ｂ染色体，并提出了此假设的验证方法和Ｂ染色体起源的研究意义。     

A new mechanism of invader success： Exotic plant inhibits natural vegetation restoration by changing soil microbe community

Since the 1950s of the last century, the exotic plant, Eupatorium adenophorum, has spread rapidly across southwest China, damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses. We examined the pH, N, P, K, and organic matter concentrations, and the bacterial community character (by Biolog EcoPlateTM) in soils from sites heavily and lightly invaded by this exotic species. Also, soil from the lightly invaded site was treated with a water extract of E.adenophorum roots to examine the effect of the plant on soil properties. We grew three plant species, one native and two exotic, in pot experiment using soil from heavily invaded site to examine the effects of the soil on these plants growth. The soil analysis demonstrated that the pH, organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soils from the heavily invaded site were only slightly different from those of the lightly invaded site, but concentrations of NH4^ , NO3^- and available P and K in the heavily invaded site were greater than those in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of soil bacterial community in the heavily invaded site was different from that in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of bacterial community in soils treated by the water extract of E.adenophorum roots changed and became similar to that in soils from the heavily invaded site. The pot experiment showed that the exotic plants growth in heavily invaded soil were not different from in lightly invaded soil; however, the native plant biomass decreased dramatically when grown in soil from the heavily invaded site as compared to soil from the lightly invaded site; and the same phenomenon was found when any potential allelopathic effects by E. adenophorum were eliminated by added activated carbon to those soils. Difference in soil nutrient availability and allelopathy could not explain this phenomenon of the native plant in the soils from the heavily and lightly invaded sites. Changes observed in the soil bacterial community were obviously related to native plant growth in those tow soils. Those results suggest that changing soil microbial community may be an important part of E. adenophorum invasion process. Since the soil microbial community serves as bridge in connection of exotic and natural plants, the exotic plant could inhibit the natural plant growth and reproduction by changing the soil microbial community in invaded site.     

Screening of the interacting proteins with NifA in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azospirillum brasilense</Emphasis> Sp7 by the yeast two-hybrid system

NifA in AzospiriUum brasilense plays a key role in regulating the synthesis and activity of nitrogenase in response to ammonia and oxygen available. In this work we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify the proteins that interact with NifA. The nifA gene was fused to the yeast two-hybrid vector pGBD-C2, and three A. brasilense Sp7 genomic libraries for use in yeast two-hybrid studies were constructed. Screening of the libraries identified four clones encoding proteins that interact with NifA. The confirmation of the interactions of each gene product of the four clones and NifA were carried out by exchanging the vectors for nifA and the four clones and by mutageneses of the four clones with shift reading frame experiments in yeast two-hybrid studies. DNA sequence analyses showed that two clones encode proteins containing PAS domains that play an important role in signal transduction. One clone has high similarity with the fhuE gene of Escherichia coli, whose gene product is involved in iron uptake and transportation, and the other clone encodes an unknown protein.     

Floral evolution： Beyond traditional viewpoint of pollinator mediated floral design

High diversity of floral design in angiosperms provides ideal materials for studying adaptive evolution. This is clearly demonstrated by the fact that Darwin supported well his new hypothesis of natural selection by focusing on floral design and function in the flowers of orchids[1] and other angiosperm species[2]. Nowadays, the adaptive analysis of floral evolution has become an active area of evolutionary research[3]. The rise and development of pol-lination biology is a process that continu…     

PTES专家系统知识库的构造

本文大专家系统设计方法的指导下，通过对整理、知识表示、知示获取、知识库构造等环节的描述，介绍了一个植物分类专家系统知识库的构造方法