2000-2008年西北太平洋热带扰动的时空分布特征

利用热带气旋预警资料(WX-TROPL),统计了2000-2008年西北太平洋热带扰动的频数和时空分布,发现2000-2008年西北太平洋共生成热带扰动596个,有456个集中在夏半年(5-10月),并在8月份达到峰值(年均11.6个).全年热带扰动生成于季风槽内的有369个.热带扰动的平均发展率为43.8%,其中在8...     

印度季风降水变率与机理研究取得新进展

[本刊讯]中国科学院地球环境研究所研究员蔡演军和中科院院士安芷生等学者,联合美国加州大学伯克利分校和明尼苏达大学等多个国家和地区的研究人员,对我国西南洞穴石笋记录以及集成降水同位素的全球气候模式模拟进行研究,最新成果于2015年2月23日在线刊登于《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。研究团队重建了过去25.2万年印度季风降水的历史和变率,并结合集成降水同位素的全球气候模式模拟的结果,探讨了印度季     

本期专题简介

正素有"世界屋脊"之称的青藏高原,平均海拔在4000米以上。可是,在2亿多年前,这里曾经是波涛汹涌的辽阔海洋。由于板块运动,青藏高原历经沧海巨变,成为世界上最高的高原。青藏高原隆升是地球历史上一次重大的地质事件,青藏高原的出现对亚洲气候与环境产生了划时代的影响。本期专题介绍青藏高原东北部地貌演化与隆升过程、青藏高原隆升与东亚季风演化的密切关系,以及青藏高原北部隆升对东亚季风变迁及亚洲内陆干旱气候演化的重大影响。     

Monsoon behavior balanced by glaciers

With the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Prof.An Zhisheng and his colleagues at the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment in Xi’an,China have analyzed ancient sediments from a lakebed in southwestern China in order to build a 2.6 million year-long record of ISM variability.An article in August 5,2011 issue of Science reported their research findings. According to the report,the Indian Summer Monsoon,or ISM,is an annual climate cycle that influences the seasonal rainfall in South Asia and has major implications for human well-being.Though its     

12~1.6 Ma BP南海南部深海沉积物孢粉记录及其对全球变化的响应

通过南海南部ODP1143孔512~76 m层段深海沉积物的孢粉数量统计, 讨论了南海南部周边岛屿及大陆架上12~1.6 Ma BP时段孢粉组合和植被演替序列. 研究表明, 8.15 Ma前, 各类型孢粉沉积率很低; 8.15 Ma后, 孢粉沉积率急剧升高. 一方面, 是由于此时南海南部周边地区发生构造运动, 岛屿急剧上升, 导致了沉积物和孢粉沉积率升高; 另一方面, 在构造运动变化的大背景下, 孢粉沉积率的升高也与此时气候变冷, 季风增强有关. 2.63 Ma BP是另一个明显的界限, 在这之后, 花粉及蕨类孢子沉积率均明显增加, 主要与此时全球气候变冷有关. 孢粉沉积率变化的频谱分析表明, 12~3.0 Ma BP时段发现了2, 0.67和0.19~0.17 Ma的准周期; 3.0~1.6 Ma BP时段存在0.1 Ma和46.9 ka的地球轨道周期.     

厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜与气候异常

厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜是造成世界范围内气候异常的重要原因之一,预报、预测和减轻其对人类造成的危害,已成为当今世界各国海洋和气象学家研究的一项重要课题,本文结合大量气候实料,论述了厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜对全球气候尤其是对中国气候的影响。在参阅当前学术界最新研究成果的基础上,分析、探讨了厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜的形成机理和影响因素,并对人工防灾减灾、趋利避害的措施进行了探讨和展望。     

Asian-Pacific Oscillation index and variation of East Asian summer monsoon over the past millennium

To study the long-term variation of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）, the Asian-Pacific Oscillation index （IAPO）, representing a zonal thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific, is reconstructed over the past millennium. During the Little Ice Age （LIA）, the variability of the reconstructed IAPO is closely linked to dry-wet anomalies in eastern China on the centennial scale. This correlation pattern is consistent with the observation during the current period, which suggests that the reconstructed IAPO may generally represent the centennial-scale variation of the EASM and rainfall anomalies over eastern China during the LIA.     

Inverse correlation between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia？

There is a scientific debate on the relationship between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia. Some scholars think that East Asian winter and summer monsoons are anti-correlated, and others think not. For this reason, this study is motivated to assess their linkage from the paleoclimate simulation perspective, through analyzing the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene （MH） climate simulated by CCSM3 model. Compared to the present climate, the Aleutian low is found to be deepened and the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） is stronger during the LGM winter. The Pacific high in summer is noticed to be weakened and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is weaker at the LGM. During the MH, the Aleutian low and the Asian high in winter are intensified, and the Asian low and the Pacific high in summer are enhanced, indicating that the EAWM and EASM are both stronger than today. Therefore, the EAWM is not always negatively correlated to the EASM. Their relationship may be different at different geological stages. It can be obtained at least from the numerical simulation results that the EAWM and the EASM is negatively correlated during the cooling period, while positively correlated during the warming period.     

极端气候事件的模拟研究进展

介绍了气候模式的发展历程,综述了近年来全球范围内关于极端气候事件的研究现状,比较了不同模式对不同事件的模拟效果并探讨了模拟效果影响因素.虽然不同模式模拟结果有所差异,但大部分模式都能再现极端气候事件的演变过程,并能有效预测未来极端气候变化情况.综述了温室气体增加情景下我国未来极端气候变化的响应研究,提出了其中可能存在的问题,并对未来极端气候模拟研究进行了展望.     

Millennial-scale climate change since the last glaciation recorded by grain sizes of loess deposits on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Whether climatic changes in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere since the last glaciation have effects on the Tibetan Plateau monsoon, and the variation characteristics of the Plateau monsoon itself are still not solved but of great significance. The 22-m high-resolution Ioess-paleosol sequence in the Hezuo Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau demonstrates that the Plateau winter monsoon experienced a millennial variation similar to high latitude Northern Hemisphere, with cold events clearly correlated with Heinrich events but less for the warm events (Dansgarrd-Oeschger events). It may indicate that the climate system at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere had played an important role in both the Plateau monsoon and the high-level westerlies. On 10^4 year scale, there are two distinct anomalous changes, which are not found in the records from high latitude northern hemisphere, revealed by the loess grain size in the Hezuo Basin. One is that there was a considerable grain size increase at -36 kaBP, suggesting an abrupt enhancement of the Plateau winter monsoon at that time; the other is that, during 43--36 kaBP, the grain size decreased distinctly, indicating a notable weakening of the Plateau winter monsoon around that period. Both of the two anomalies suggest that the Tibetan climate may have been controlled by some other factors, besides the high latitude climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere.