The age of synthesis: From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter

This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 20th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2000. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. Cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 21st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 20th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created.     

电化学合成聚苯胺涂层防护性能的研究

采用循环伏安法在Q235钢表面电化学合成了聚苯胺涂层,通过极化曲线评价了扫描方式、电位区间、扫描速率、循环次数等电聚合参数对聚苯胺涂层在Q235钢耐腐蚀性能方面的影响,结果表明:合成条件对聚苯胺涂层的防护性能影响显著.在0.1 mol/L苯胺+0.3 mol/L草酸溶液中,循环电位区间–0.5~1.6 V,扫速10 m V/s,连续扫描5个循环,可获得最佳防护性能.该涂层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中对Q235钢具有较好的保护作用.扫描电镜观察表明:聚苯胺膜具有颗粒状纤维状结构.     

对甲苯磺酰氨基酸甲醇或2,2-联吡啶混配Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的电化学合成及表征

采用金属Cu为"牺牲阳极", 在含配体对甲苯磺酰L-异亮氨基酸(H2L)的甲醇溶液中电解合成了[Cu(L) (2CH3OH)]配合物.当向含配体的甲醇溶液中加入2,2′-联吡啶时,电解合成了[Cu(L) (2,2'-bipy)]配合物.利用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、热分析对配合物进行了表征.测试了铜电极在溶液中的电化学行为和配合物的电化学性质.     

纳米级氧化锆的电化学合成

以分析纯ZrOCl·28H2O为原料,采用电化学方法在常温下合成了氧化锆纳米晶体,经400℃热处理2h,粉体晶化为四方相氧化锆,晶化比较完全。经800℃温度处理2h,出现了单斜相氧化锆晶体,粉体初始粒径为7.6nm。与其它方法相比,此方法具有预烧温度低、操作简便、污染小、能耗低、原材料利用率高、不会引入杂质等优点。在此基础上对其合成机理进行了探讨。     

虾青素的化学合成法概述

虾青素是萜类化合物β-胡萝卜素的一种，广泛存在于自然界中，具有较强的抗氧化活性和多种生理活性，应用于诸多领域.综述了虾青素的几种化学合成方法，再展望了虾青素的发展前景.     

多孔性甲基丙烯酸树脂的合成及葡萄糖淀粉酶的固定化

用悬浮聚合法合成了多孔性甲基丙烯酸树脂。用此载体比较了保护戊二醛法，重氮化法和叠氮法固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶的效果，并研究了二乙醇胺保护戊二醛活化载体，树脂多孔结构多数及不同悬臂长度等方面对固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶活力的影响。结果表明，用保护戊二醛法活化的树脂固定化酶效果较好。当戊二醛与二乙醇胺为４∶１（摩尔比），树脂孔径为５５２．１，比表面为２８．３ｍ￣２／ｇ孔容为０．６３５ｃｍ￣３／ｇ时，固定化酶的相对活力为５５．６％，而酶活回收率为２４．７％。     

Chemical composition of decomposing stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） plantations

Decomposition of stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） plantations was studied using a chronosequenee approach. The results showed that decomposition rate constant of Chinese fir stump was 0.02695 as calculated from Olson＇s model. The N content of stump increased during the first two-year decomposition. When the dead stump C/N ratio was 463.2 ± 27.3, the stumps started to release N. The pattern of P release was similar to that for N. However, K content of stumps showed a consistent declining trend over time during the whole decomposition. ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cross polarization and magic-angle spinning （^13C CPMAS-NMR） was used to analyse organic carbon （C） components in decomposing stumps. The ^13C CPMAS-NMR spectra of stumps displayed that stump was dominated by cellulose and hemieellulose. The spectra also showed the accumulation of intensity in alkyl C, aromatic C, and earboxyl C spectral regions, which was expected as the labile cellulose and hemieellulose components in O-alkyl C spectral region were selectively decomposed first.     

白藜芦醇的研究概述

目的:综述天然产物白藜芦醇的化学合成及药理作用的研究进展.方法:检索有关文献进行综合分析.结果:近几年研究表明,白藜芦醇的化学合成方法主要有Perkin反应、Heck反应以及Wittig-Horner反应.同时发现它具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、保肝等多种药理作用.结论:白藜芦醇具有广泛的药理作用,显示了其良好的研究及开发前景,今后进一步加强临床应用研究是很有必要的.