宗教极端主义与中亚一体化

独立后的中亚国家一方面致力于各自国家的建设,另一方面又面临着诸多共同的矛盾与问题,其解决亟须加强各国的对话与合作.中亚一体化逐渐被提上议事日程.然而,宗教极端主义的甚嚣尘上,严重威胁了地区安全与稳定,也将阻碍中亚一体化的协调发展.加强各国在经济、政治和安全等方面的紧密合作成为各国的必然选择.     

A local positive feedback of the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system on interdecadal timescales

SINCE THE 1990S, THE CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON INTERDE- CADAL TIME SCALES BECAME THE FOCUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATOLOGY RESEARCH MISSIONS[1―3]. ON TIME SCALES OF A DECADE OR MORE, THE OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDOMINATEDHEAT BALANCE AND HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, S…     

伴随方法在热带气旋路径预测的统计动力预报方案(SD-90)中的应用的研究--Ⅰ:理论基础及数值试验

把变分同化中的伴随方法应用于热带气旋路径预测的统计动力预报方案(SD-90)中,利用前面时刻热带气旋中心位置的观测值,同时确定出初始速度和气压梯度力,然后进行预报.理想试验表明,热带气旋路径无明显转向时,该方案具有较高的预报精度;当热带气旋路径有明显转向时,随着同化时段内的热带气旋路径(作为观测值)趋向于转向处,该方案的预报误差会加大,其主要特征是预报路径的方向有较大偏差;当同化时段内的热带气旋路径(作为观测值)离开转向处时,该方案又趋向于有较高的预报精度.最后结合最优控制思想,对9807号台风进行了同化试验,试验结果表明,效果十分明显.     

台风与飓风是不是一回事？台风与飓风的名字是怎么来的？

台风和飓风的专业名称是“热带气旋”，它们是发生在热带地区急速旋转的低压涡旋。     

西北太平洋2001-2014年热带气旋结构变化的环境垂直风切变和水汽场统计

利用Best Track资料、TRMM卫星资料和NCEP再分析资料中2001—2014年西北太平洋海域385个热带气旋(TC)的4967个观测记录, 将TC结构变化分成9类, 并分析 TC结构变化对垂直风切变和水汽场的响应。结果表明, 西北太平洋强度增大的TC主要伴随东风切变, 强度减小的TC主要伴随西风切变。在较强的垂直风切变(v > 5 m/s)作用下, TC的结构变化没有明显的水汽异常; 而在较弱的垂直风切变(v ≤ 5 m/s)作用下, “增强增大” (“缩小减弱”)的TC伴随着正(负)水汽异常。     

大自然的“礼花”——小叶冷水花

小叶冷水花娇小、嫩绿、秀丽,如果轻弹它的花朵,雄蕊就会喷射出一团美丽的烟火般的花粉,仿佛绽放的小小礼花。然而,如此奇妙而且外表纤弱的小叶冷水花却是不折不扣的入侵植物,已经在我国南方的一些地区开疆拓土、站稳脚跟,甚至将当地多种土著植物逐出家园。     

The effects of the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing on the forecast of tropical cyclone tracks

The Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF)is configured for the region of(15°–41°N,105°–135°E),which covers the same area with the MASNUM(Key Lab.Marine ScienceNumerical Modeling,State Oceanic Administration)wave-tide-circulation coupled operational forecast system.Three numerical experiments are implemented to investigate the effects of the real-time forecasted sea surface temperature(SST)and the nonbreaking wave-induced vertical mixing(Bv)on the track forecast of all 33 tropical cyclones(TC)in the model domain area during 2008 and 2011.The first experiment employs NCEP FNL(NCEP final analysis)SST as WRF’s bottom condition as the Control run,which is also the default setup of WRF.The second and third experiments use real-time forecasted SST from the MASNUM forecast system with and without Bv,respectively.The forecasted track results are compared with Japan Meteorological Agency’s best track data.For 24-h forecast,the averaged TC position error of Experiment with Bv is reduced by 9%compared to the Control experiment,while the forecasted track error of Experiment without Bv is reduced by only2%compared to the Control experiment.For the 48-h forecast,the averaged track errors are reduced by 10%and6%with Bv and without Bv compared to the Control experiment,respectively.These results suggest that the real-time forecasted SST can improve the performance of WRF in forecasting TC track,and the Bv plays an important role in reducing the forecast error of TC track.Comparatively,Bv can improve more on the track of stronger TC.     

洋流,奏响海洋生物的欢歌

正洋流,一种大规模的海水运动,周而复始,永不停歇。从单胞藻到南极企鹅,从红树林到珊瑚礁,依赖着海洋而生的动植物们,是如何在各股洋流的影响下,一代代地繁衍昌盛,共同演奏出这曲欢腾高亢的生命之歌的呢?     

Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions

The Middle Pliocene (ca 3.12–2.97 Ma) is a recent warm period in the Earth’s history. In many respects, the warmth of the Middle Pliocene is similar to the probable warm situation of the late 21st century predicted by climate models. Understanding the Middle Pliocene climate is important in predicting the future climate with global warming. Here, we used the latest reconstructions for the Middle Pliocene—Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 3—to simulate the Middle Pliocene ...     

新型消炎止痛新制剂通过验收

高湿、低温地区的空调器室外机容易造成化霜不完全和在底盘上结冰的现象，会影响制热效果。在这种恶劣环境下如何实现空调器的有效除霜，一直是行业内的一个难题。目前一般采用四通阀换向和在底盘上加电加热带的方法来处理这一问题，但化霜效果成本较高、能耗大、且存在电加热带漏电的安全隐患。