古代埃及的伦理与宗教

在古代埃及，宗教与伦理是相互影响、相互渗透的，从伦理与宗教的关系、伦理与宗教的结合、伦理与宗教的矛盾三个方面来阐述古代埃及的伦理与宗教，当可一窥古代埃及社会。     

A new Arietellidae (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Red Sea

A new species of the calanoid copepod genus Paramisophria T. Scott, 1897 is described from the Egyptian sublittoral zone of the Red Sea. Paramisophria aegypti sp. nov. appears to be closely related to the species Paramisophria ammophila and Paramisophria platysoma. Paramisophria aegypti differs from P. ammophila in having two unequal lateral setae plus one long terminal process and two tiny equal lateral setae plus one long terminal process on the third exopodal segment on the male right and left fifth legs (vs three terminal processes increasing in size inward on both male fifth legs). Paramisophria aegypti can be distinguished from P. platysoma in the following characters: prosome symmetrical (vs extreme asymmetry); third exopod segment of the right leg completely separated from the second segment and bears two unequal lateral setae plus one long terminal process (vs partially fused to the second segment and bears four terminal processes increasing in size inward); third exopod segment of the left leg with two lateral setules and one long terminal process (vs two lateral setules, one short outer medial process and one long terminal process); endopodal lobes of the female legs 5 bear one long plumose seta (vs setae are lacking).http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C0A92BF9-2306-4A35-AA39-CE3B5865A396     

Echinostoma revolutum and E. liei: observations on enzymes and pigments

Analyses of the enzymes and pigments of adult Echinostoma revolutum (USA) and E. liei (Egypt) were carried out by isoelectric focusing. Clear interspecific differences were detected in the pigments, glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and acid phosphatase (AcP) enzymes, but the malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes of both species were similar. It is suggested that analyses of enzymes of adult worms will probably be helpful in elucidating taxonomic problems within the genus Echinostoma.     

古埃及单分数及有关运算

概述了古埃及的分数记法和相应的四则运算。详细研究了２／ｎ型分数分解表，指出了古埃及把２／ｎ型分数分解成单分数之和的内在规律，并对由此而引出的分数可分性问题也作出了初步探讨。最后指出了古埃指出了古埃及单分数思想在不同时期对不同地区、不同学科所带来的影响及产生的深远意义。     

Problems of drinking water treatment along Ismailia Canal Province, Egypt

The present drinking water purification system in Egypt uses surface water as a raw water supply without a preliminary filtration process. On the other hand, chlorine gas is added as a disinfectant agent in two steps, pre- and post-chlorination. Due to these reasons most of water treatment plants suffer low filtering effectiveness and produce the trihalomethane （THM） species as a chlorination by-product. The Ismailia Canal represents the most distal downstream of the main Nile River. Thus its water contains all the proceeded pollutants discharged into the Nile. In addition, the downstream reaches of the canal act as an agricultural drain during the closing period of the High Dam gates in January and February every year. Moreover, the wide in- dustrial zone along the upstream course of the canal enriches the canal water with high concentrations of heavy metals. The obtained results indicate that the canal gains up to 24.06 × 10^6 m^3 of water from the surrounding shallow aquifer during the closing period of the High Dam gates, while during the rest of the year, the canal acts as an influent stream losing about 99.6× 10^6 m^3 of its water budget. The reduction of total organic carbon （TOC） and suspended particulate matters （SPMs） should be one of the central goals of any treatment plan to avoid the disinfectants by-products. The combination of sedimentation basins, gravel pre-filtration and slow sand filtration, and underground passage with microbiological oxidation-reduction and adsorption criteria showed good removal of parasites and bacteria and complete elimination of TOC, SPM and heavy metals. Moreover, it reduces the use of disinfectants chemicals and lowers the treatment costs. However, this purification system under the arid climate prevailing in Egypt should be tested and modified prior to application.     

萨达特的经济开放政策评析

从1974年起开始实行的经济开放政策是萨达特时期埃及最重要经济发展战略举措,这一政策的实质在于减少对经济的家长式控制,将埃及的贸易与投资向国际资本主义市场开放;同时,改革公营企业,鼓励发展国内私营经济。经济开放政策实施期间,埃及吸引到了部分外资,并得到了大量来自阿拉伯国家和西方的援助,埃及经济取得了较快发展;但同时,一些新的问题又出现了,这对埃及的发展产生了消极的影响。     

古埃及天学三问题及其与巴比伦及中国之关系

本文依据世俗体纸草书等古埃及天学文献,先讨论古埃及天学中的旬星、分野、占辞三问题,并与古代中国天学中的对等内容作比较。又由所论天学文献的年代和来源出发,讨论古埃及天学与古代巴比伦及中国天学之关系。作者还特别指出那种一见双方有相似之处就立刻试图考证“谁源于谁”的思路是不可取的。     

地理环境对上古埃及和希腊历史发展的影响

上古埃及和希腊是世界古代史上的两个主要国家,都具有独特的地理环境,以尼罗河为主体的优越的地理环境,促进了上古埃及社会历史的发展;希腊半岛的地理条件则对古希腊奴隶制城邦的政治、经济和化的发展产生一定的影响。