水电站无压尾水洞引风有效作用长度

为研究无压尾水洞对引入空气的热湿处理能力,在尾水洞引风热湿交换过程简化模型基础上,建立了基于全热交换效率的引风有效作用长度计算模型,分析了尾水洞断面尺寸、引风入口参数、尾水温度、尾水及空气流速等因素对引风有效作用长度的影响,得出了无压尾水洞引风有效作用长度的变化规律.研究结果表明:尾水洞宽度、入口空气参数及尾水流速对引风有效作用长度的影响较大,而尾水温度对其影响较小.     

通过实测室温确定住宅的自然通风状况

住宅自然通风状况的研究有助于住宅设计,使之更加有利于改善空气品质和节能。通过分析比较实测室温和模拟室温,根据状态空间法逐时确定出房间的通风换气频率。并以北京市的3户住宅为研究对象,从以下几个方面讨论计算结果的有效性,模拟室温的计算误差满足精度要求;计算通风换气频率一般小于10h-1,但最高可达50h-1,同时,计算通风换气频率的变化表现出了风压和住户调节行为的影响。故计算通风换气频率大体上符合住宅实际的自然通风状况。     

屏障动物房书虱爆发、处置与风险评估

书虱属啮虫目虱科昆虫,是粮仓、图书馆及家居生活中较常见的一类昆虫,较少出现在实验动物屏障环境中。本单位在屏障动物房IVC排风管道中发现书虱爆发,经采取管道清洗、敌敌畏消杀及降低湿度等措施,控制了书虱爆发,清除了病原威胁。本文对书虱爆发的经过、处置方法及效果进行了介绍,并对书虱的来源、处置方法的选择及书虱对实验动物屏障设施的潜在风险进行了探讨。     

Response of the northwestern Pacific upper water δ~(13)C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean

The deglacial δ~13C minimum events that originated from the ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica, have been recorded in a range of marine sediments from the southern to tropical oceans in late Pleistocene. However, the broad δ~13C minimum event was also reported as far as to the northern middle latitudes, in northwestern Pacific marginal sea areas, during the last deglaciation. In the northwestern Pacific, forcing from the northern high latitudes is strongly expressed, while the records of in- fluence from the southern high latitudes are few. The Kuroshio Source Region (KSR) forms a boundary between the northwestern Pacific and the southern, tropical Pacific. So, high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal records in core MD06-3054 from the KSR are well positioned to identify signals from the southern hemisphere in the northwestern Pacific. Planktonic foraminiferal tests from the upper 1030 cm of the core were subject to AMS14C, carbon and oxygen isotopic measurements. A negative excursion was found to occur from about 20.0-6.0 ka BP in δ~13C records of both surface (Globigerinoides ruber) and subsurface (Pulleni- atina obliquiloculata) dwellers, but the overall trends of the two curves have reversed since 26.5 ka BP. Moreover, the δ~13C rec- ord of G. ruber (the surface dweller) shows a robust link to the record of atmospheric CO2, and its changes precede the records of P. obliquiloculata (the subsurface dweller). According to the hydrologic conditions, the broad δ~13C minimum event recorded in the KSR is also a response to the increasing ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica during the last deglaciation. The inconsistency between the records of the surface and subsurface dwellers was possibly caused by the ways that the low δ~13C signal was transmitted. Subsurface water primarily received the low δ~13C signal from the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whereas the surface water was probably mainly impacted by atmospheric CO2 in the KSR. The records from the KSR confirm the deduction that the broad δ~13C minimum event in the Okinawa Trough was due to the impact of tropical Pacific surface water dur- ing the last deglaciation, and suggest that signals from the southern high latitudes also can be delivered to the northern middle latitudes.     

模糊故障树在通风系统可靠性研究中的应用

在缺乏足够可靠性数据的情况下,模糊故障树分析为研究矿井通风系统可靠性提供了重要途径.以完善的矿井通风系统构成为基础,用三角模糊数表示基本事件概率,以“矿井通风系统故障”作为顶事件构建矿井通风系统故障树(FTA),对通风系统可靠性进行研究,并将其应用于甘肃某矿.结果表明:故障树最小割集共549个,一级事件“监控反馈系统故障”是造成最小割集数量庞大的最主要原因;顶事件和一级事件可靠性较低,顶事件的失效模糊概率为(0.009,0.014,0.009),最大值达2.3％;监控反馈系统故障内基本事件模糊重要度最高,归一化最大值0.084 3,其余多分布于0.005 0～0.010 0范围内.     

多风机通风系统的网络图自动生成

通过计算多风机通风系统中每个风机的主要作用范围，将系统中的巷道划分成若干个以风机为代表的分区，给出将分区转变成多个相互连接的“鸭蛋”形曲线网络图的方法，并进行了编程实现，通过实例应用表明生成的网络图分支交叉少，主要用风巷道突出。     

金川公司二矿区网络优化改造研究

金川公司二矿区是一个国有特大型的镍生产基地,由于近年开采的不断延伸,二矿区通风网络的一些弊端也逐渐暴露出来.金川二矿通风网络中风机效率较低,内部漏风较大;循环风严重;风机有效能力低下,通风系统不稳定.本文以通路法为原理,利用矿井通风仿真系统软件对该矿的1150水平通风系统进行调节和改造.     

基于人机工程学的矿井通风系统可靠性分析

矿井通风系统是矿井生产系统的重要辅助系统,其可靠性高低对矿井生产和安全管理有着直接的影响。将人机工程学用于矿井通风系统的可靠性的研究,就是用人机系统的观点来研究矿井通风中人、机、环境3个子系统各自的特点及相关性,并给出了矿井通风“人—机—环境”系统可靠性的定义和数学模型。     

通风机房噪声模型的建立及分析

应用系统控制理论,建立通风机房噪声控制模型.在扩散声场假设条件下,采用系统学、统计学等方法来处理室内声场,避免了繁杂的数学推导.经布点监测验证,利用该模型计算通风机房噪声,预测值和实验值比较吻合,误差(ψ)在0.10～1.92 dB,平均误差为1.04 dB,模型在通风机房噪声控制是适用的.     

打孔对卷烟通风度稳定性的影响

本文研究了影响卷烟通风度稳定性的因素,以及各因素对通风度稳定性影响的程度。结果表明:在相同设备、通风度设定的条件下:单排孔的稳定性优于双排孔;双排多孔的稳定性优于双排少孔;能量设定值大、波长设定值小的情况下,通风度稳定性高。