铁路隧道压入式通风流场分析及施工参数优化

台阶法具有适应性强、应用较广泛等的优势,但鉴于台阶法施工隧道有限空间结构的特殊性,对台阶法施工铁路隧道压入式通风流场进行研究分析,并对隧道通风施工参数进行优化.依托兴泉铁路某隧道,采用流体力学分析软件FLUENT,针对台阶法施工隧道压入式通风风管位置、风管出风口距工作面距离、台阶长度及台阶高度等因素对流场的影响进行数值模拟,分析不同工况下的流场特征并进行相应参数优化.结果表明:隧道通风在台阶法施工隧道中是有限空间的受限贴附射流,并且风管侧部布置更有利于空气流通,同时发现台阶的存在在一定程度上不利于洞内空气的流通,风管出风口距工作面的距离、台阶长度和台阶高度之间存在优化组合.     

夏热冬冷地区典型学生宿舍夏季室内空气环境的研究

对夏热冬冷地区典型学生宿舍建筑自然通风条件下的夏季室内空气环境进行了连续7d实测和问卷调查,分析了不同朝向房间的室内空气环境特征.结果表明,夏季自然通风条件下,尽管夜间室内热环境略好于昼间,但温度均高于26℃;由于室内通风好,房间内热湿环境仍处于多数学生可以接受的范围内,室内空气品质好;另外,太阳辐射对房间内温度分布有重要影响,南向房间平均温度高出北向房间约0.8℃,昼间两者最大温差达2.6℃.     

机械通风下室内热环境的动态分析

从计算模型及数据接口等方面对CFD平台进行了二次开发,采用数值研究手段对室内热环境的动态变化进行了研究分析。通过判断物理量在整个空间内的体积分数分布与空间占有率,对热环境的动态变化进行分析,结果显示在所研究的空间内,稳态送风调节热环境的效率要高于动态送风对热环境的调节。     

矿井通风机房监控系统设计中的几个问题

煤矿井下的工作环境恶劣,除有甲烷、一氧化碳等易燃易爆性气体外,还有硫化氢等腐蚀性气体,这在矿井通风机房监控系统设计中是不容忽视的问题。为建立合理的矿井通风系统,探讨了矿井通风机房的监控和传感器的选择问题。     

地下车库通风设计体会

以孝义地下车库建设为例,简要介绍了地下车库及设备用房的排风排烟量计算和系统设计,总结了设计中的一些体会。     

浙江西部传统民居的生物气候设计

浙江西部传统民居经过长期的历史演变,形成了一系列应对气候条件的建筑形态特征.从生物气候的设计角度分析了浙西传统民居的形态、组合、色彩、材质等,并以诸葛村为例,通过实地社会调查和在夏季极端气候条件下实际测量室内外的物理环境,对民居的室内环境进行分析.结果表明,因民居的天井与一层堂屋连通成为耦合空间,且天井的高度与面积较小,致使风压和风速不大,导致通风效果不佳.但民居室内环境仅在13:00~14:00间有持续1 h温度偏高外,其他时间段内室内环境还较为舒适.浙西传统民居的设计者在采用某些气候设计措施后,延长了室内的舒适时间,提高了室内的舒适程度,表明传统的气候设计措施在现代民居的设计中有必要传承与拓展.     

大同市建筑物通风方法研究

介绍了建筑中常用的几种通风方式,分析了大同市建筑物通风的现状及存在的问题,并提出了适合于大同市气候特点的通风方式．     

Use of booster fans in underground coal mining to advantage

A booster fan is an underground main fan which is installed in series with a main surface fan and used to boost the air pressure of the ventilation to overcome mine resistance.Currently booster fans are used in several major coal mining countries including the United Kingdom,Australia,Poland and China.In the United States booster fans are prohibited in coal mines although they are used in several metal and non-metal mines.A study has been undertaken to examine alternatives for ventilating an underground room and pillar coal mine system.A feasibility study of a hypothetical situation has shown that current ventilation facilities are incapable of fulfilling mine air requirements in the future due to increased seam methane levels.A current ventilation network model has been prepared and projected to a mine five years plan.“Ventsim visual” software simulations of different possible ventilation options have been conducted in which varying methane levels are found at working faces.The software can also undertake financial simulations and project present value total costs for the options under study.Several scenarios for improving the ventilation situation such as improving main surface fans,adding intake shafts,adding exhaust shafts and utilizing booster fans have been examined.After taking into account the total capital and operating costs for the five years mine plan the booster fan scenarios are recommended as being the best alternatives for further serious consideration by the mine.The optimum option is a properly sized and installed booster fan system that can be used to create safe work conditions,maintain adequate air quantity with lowest cost,generate a reduction in energy consumption and decrease mine system air leakage.     

海底隧道半横向通风方式模型试验与数值仿真

为了研究半横向通风方式隧道内风速、风压的分布特点,针对某海底隧道半横向通风方案,建立1∶9的缩尺物理模型与1∶1的三维数值仿真模型,研究了排风孔开启数量与排风孔开启位置对隧道内风速、风压分布的影响。研究结果表明:相同排风动力下,随着排风孔开启数量的增加,隧道内排风量增加,但增加幅度逐渐减小;开启事故位置下游2个排风孔,并固定距事故位置最近的第1处排风孔的位置,随着2个排风孔之间距离的增大,第1处排风孔的排风量增加,烟流扩散至第2处排风孔的行程增加,隧道排烟效率降低。     

The extremum principle of mass entransy dissipation and its application to decontamination ventilation designs in space station cabins

In terms of the analogy between mass and heat transfer phenomena, a new physical quantity, i.e. mass entransy, is introduced to represent the ability of an object for transferring mass to outside. Meanwhile, the mass entransy dissipation occurs during mass transfer processes as an alternative to measure the mass transfer irreversibility. Then the concepts of mass entransy and its dissipation are used to develop the extremum principle of mass entransy dissipation and the corresponding method for convective mass transfer optimization, based on which an Euler＇s equation has been deduced as the optimization equation for the fluid flow to obtain the best convective mass transfer performance with some specific constraints. As an example, the ventilation process for removing gaseous pollutants in a space station cabin with a uniform air supply system has been optimized to reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system and decrease the contaminant concentration in the cabin. By solving the optimization equation, an optimal air velocity distribution with the best decontamination performance for a given viscous dissipation is firstly obtained. With the guide of this optimal velocity field, a suitable concentrated air supply system with appropriate air inlet position and width has been designed to replace the uniform air supply system, which leads to the averaged and the maximum contaminant concentrations in the cabin been decreased by 75% and 60%, respectively, and the contaminant concentration near the contaminant source surface been decreased by 50%, while the viscous dissipation been reduced by 30% simultaneously.