氧化锆溶胶对ZrO2定径水口表面改性研究

以工业无机盐zrOCl2·8H2O为前驱体,CO(NH2)2为水解促凝剂,利用溶胶-凝胶工艺成功地对ZrO2定径水口进行了表面改性.同时用差热分析、扫描电子显微镜等分析手段对氧化锆溶胶和定径水口的表面进行表征.结果表明,处理后定径水口的显气孔率明显下降,表面ZrO2结晶粗大,结构致密,其原因是定径水口在ZrO2溶胶浸渍后表面气孔被堵塞,煅烧后得到良好烧结.     

一类新型浆料——接枝变性淀粉

接枝淀粉是以淀粉为骨干,由具备上浆性能的单体接技共聚的产品,是今后纺织经纱上浆的主要浆料.对淀粉预处理、引发剂及单体选择、接枝工艺等关键技术进行了试验研究.依据这些工艺条件,可制成性能优良的、工厂生产正常应用的接枝淀粉.有明显经济效益与良好社会效益.     

丙酸酯变性淀粉浆料的研究

采用丙酸酐作为酯化剂,通过改变丙酸酐对玉米淀粉的投料比,制备一系列具有不同取代度(DS)的丙酸酯淀粉,以研究淀粉丙酸酯化变性程度与浆渡黏附性能和浆膜性能的关系,并通过与醋酸酯化变性的对比,来评价淀粉丙酸酯化淀粉的上浆性能.实验结果表明:淀粉丙酸酯化变性能够显著改善淀粉对涤纶纤维的黏附性能,提高淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长率和耐屈曲次数,降低浆膜的磨耗;随着取代度的增加,丙酸酯淀粉时涤纶纤维的黏附力先增大后减小,当取代度为0.019时,黏附力达到最大;相近取代度下,丙酸酯淀粉的浆膜性能及对涤纶纤维的黏附性能均优于醋酸酯淀粉.作为浆料使用的丙酸酯淀粉,其变性程度不宜过大.     

大气PM 2.5显微图像粒径大小的测量

基于数字图像处理的原理,提出用八连通判别算法对大气PM 2.5显微图像的二值图像进行标记颗粒和测量颗粒粒径的大小;并在VC 6.0实现了标记和测量颗粒的算法,统计颗粒的尺寸分布。结果表明,这种颗粒标记和粒径测量的方法不受颗粒形状的影响,适用于大气PM 2.5颗粒物的测量。     

制造执行中订单投放顺序与工件加工批量集成决策

针对车间制造执行过程中如何同时确定生产订单投放顺序和工件加工批量问题,提出了一种基于仿真优化的集成决策方法. 该方法包括遗传算法和离散事件仿真模型两部分:遗传算法采用分段编码方案,分别表示订单投放顺序和工件加工批量,通过遗传操作生成订单投放方案;以订单的平均流通时间为目标函数,利用仿真模型对每个方案进行评估,并将评估结果反馈到遗传算法中,作为遗传进化的依据. 以某研究所的机加车间为例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

Effect of Starch Dodecenylsuccinylation on the Adhesion and Film Properties of Dodecenylsuccinylated Starch for Polyester Warp Sizing

A series of dodecenylsuccinylated starches（ DSSs） with different degree of substitution（ DS） were prepared via the esterification of dodencenylsuccinic anhydride with hydrolyzed cornstarch in aqueous dispersion for investigating the influences of starch dodecenylsuccinylation upon the performances such as apparent viscosity and surface tension of starch paste, film behaviors,and adhesion to fibers for warp sizing. It was found that the dodecenylsuccinylation was able to reduce the surface tension of cooked starch paste and enhance the adhesion of starch to polyester fibers. It was also capable of depressing the brittleness of native starch and improving the mechanical behaviours such as breaking elongation and work-to-break of starch film. Initial increase in DS level of dodecenylsuccinylation enhanced these positive effects,while excessively increasing the level resulted in marked reduction in tensile strength of starch film and significant decrement in reaction efficiency. X-ray diffraction patterns of starch films showed the dodecenylsuccinates derivatized onto the backbones of starch depressed the degree of crystallinity of starch film. Based on the paste behaviors, adhesion, and film properties, the dodecenylsuccinylation level is recommended in a range of 0. 015-0. 025 for sizing polyester warps.     

细特高密粘胶直贡缎的研究与开发

针对粘胶细支纱织物经纬密度大,生产难度较常规品种大的特点,织造中采用“小张力,等后梁,早开口,晚引纬”的工艺,并在生产实践中优选浆料配方和浆纱工艺．实践表明,织机综合效率由80％提高到90％以上,入库一等品率达93％以上．     

Nanometer TiO2 Modified Polyacrylic Copolymer Sizing Agent

A series of new-type nanometer TiO2 modified polyacrylic copolymer sizing agent were synthesized from acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, nanometer TiO2, oleic acid etc. by orthogonal design method. Results of the studies show that the synthetic method used in this paper was a new way and had never been found in the synthesis of acrylate sizing agent, and that the properties of those new-type size-agent were be improved, which had potential for substituting PVA （polyvinyl alcohol） sizing agent. The technology for solving the problem of nano-scale powder agglomeration and dispersion were also studied. The transmission electron microscope （TEM） observation showed that nano-TiO2 had good dispersion and stability in aqueous solution and in sizing agent solution.     

Preparation of Novel Derivatives Containing Bi-Perfluorooctane-Sulfonamide Groups and Their Surface Properties on Paper

Novel derivatives containing bi-perfluorooctane-sulfonamide group were designed and synthesized. The19FNMR, FTIR were used to characterize derivativesstructures. The compounds were applied to paper for oil-repellency. The results show that treated paper hadexcellent oil-repellency at very low concentration of bi-perfluorooctane-sulfonamide derivatives. When novelcompounds, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and oxidized starchwere applied together as coat sizing, the oxidized starch andPVA did not affect the oil repellency properties of paper.     

由经典的光散射理论看Malvern衍射测粒仪的局限性

本文根据严格的光散射理论分析了Malvern衍射测粒仪应用上的局限性,重点讨论了当被测颗粒(散射体)的相对折射率m→1时的情况。文章还给出了Malvern仪使用中应该注意的一些问题,并原则上指出了进一步改进该仪器的一些看法。