关于影子价格的一个理论误区

对影子价格的理论基础进行了研究,通过对线性规划及其对偶问题经济涵义的分析,揭示了以线性规划中的影子价格为基础定义国民经济评价中的影子价格是一个理论误区,并指出影子价格的理论定义应为帕累托最优状态下的均衡价格.     

The industrial asymmetry of the stock price prediction with investor sentiment: Based on the comparison of predictive effects with SVR

As a representative emerging financial market, the Chinese stock market is more prone to volatility because of investor sentiment. It is reasonable to use efficient predictive methods to analyze the influence of investor sentiment on stock price forecasting. This paper conducts a comparative study about the predictive performance of artificial neural network, support vector regression (SVR) and autoregressive integrated moving average and selects SVR to study the asymmetry effect of investor sentiment on different industry index predictions. After studying the relevant financial indicators, the results divide the Shenwan first-class industries into two types and show that the industries affected by investor sentiment are composed of young companies with high growth and high operative pressure and there are a great number of investment bubbles in those companies.     

参照价格效应下的绿色供应链协调机制

在考虑消费者的参照价格效应下,研究绿色供应链的协调机制问题。构建了基于参照价格的分散决策模型、集中决策模型、成本分担契约和收益共享契约,给出了各优化模型下的最优均衡策略,并对其进行了比较分析。研究结果表明：成本分担契约和收益共享契约可以提高供应链系统的利润,却不能达到一体化下的最优利润;收益共享契约优于成本分担契约;随着参照价格效应的增加,产品绿色度、批发价格和零售价格减小,制造商和零售商的利润增加;考虑消费者的参照价格效应可以提高制造商和零售商的利润。     

考虑零售商策略性库存的双渠道供应链定价及协调

针对双渠道供应链环境下,零售商将前期采购的部分产品作为策略性库存用于后期销售的情形,建立了制造商为主方的两周期Stackelberg动态博弈模型,分析了零售商持有策略性库存对双渠道供应链成员定价决策的影响。研究结果表明,零售商可以通过持有策略性库存影响制造商的批发价格决策,进而影响传统零售渠道和电子直销渠道之间的零售价格竞争。特别地,当单位库存持有成本较小时,持有策略性库存能够增加零售商利润。同时,为了缓解渠道冲突和双重边际化问题,构造了基于电子渠道直销价格的批发价格折扣和固定转移支付的组合契约。最后,通过数值分析,验证了此种组合契约同时协调零售商策略性库存决策和双渠道供应链成员两周期定价决策的有效性。     

子母叶片泵配流盘复合阻尼对流量脉动性的影响

针对高压子母叶片泵在预升压过程中减振阻尼的引油过程改变了泵的瞬时流量波形,增大了流量脉动这一问题,在探讨复合阻尼的组合形式及改善流量均匀性机理的同时,对泵的瞬时流量进行了仿真,计算了流量不均匀系数.由仿真结果可看出:和传统的配流结构相比,在阻尼形式上采用复合阻尼可以有效地减小流量脉动.     

Short‐term salmon price forecasting

This study establishes a benchmark for short‐term salmon price forecasting. The weekly spot price of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon is predicted 1–5 weeks ahead using data from 2007 to 2014. Sixteen alternative forecasting methods are considered, ranging from classical time series models to customized machine learning techniques to salmon futures prices. The best predictions are delivered by k‐nearest neighbors method for 1 week ahead; vector error correction model estimated using elastic net regularization for 2 and 3 weeks ahead; and futures prices for 4 and 5 weeks ahead. While the nominal gains in forecast accuracy over a naïve benchmark are small, the economic value of the forecasts is considerable. Using a simple trading strategy for timing the sales based on price forecasts could increase the net profit of a salmon farmer by around 7%.     

基于负荷率差别定价的分时输配电价优化模型

输配电价是电力市场改革的关键,是推进售电市场放开的重要基础.随着输配电价改革不断深入,不同类型的输配电价定价方法亟待研究.本文以大工业用户输配电价为研究对象,首先,引入汉森门槛模型,内生性划分大工业用户的负荷率区间;其次,建立输配电网长期增量成本分摊模型,提出基于负荷率差别的输配电价定价方法,并借鉴分时电价思想,构建基于负荷率差别定价的分时输配电价协调优化模型,设计分电压等级、计及负荷率差别的分时输配电价;最后,以我国中部H省大工业用户为例,验证所提模型可行性.研究结果表明,所提分时输配电价定价方法吸收了负荷率电价和分时电价优点,能够兼顾效率与公平,同时有效调节电力用户需求,实现削峰填谷,一定程度缓解输配电网阻塞问题.     

Heterogeneous Forecast Adjustment

There is ample empirical evidence that expert‐adjusted model forecasts can be improved. One way to potential improvement concerns providing various forms of feedback to the sales forecasters. It is also often recognized that the experts (forecasters) might not constitute a homogeneous group. This paper provides a data‐based methodology to discern latent clusters of forecasters, and applies it to a fully new large database with data on expert‐adjusted forecasts, model forecasts and realizations. For the data at hand, two clusters can clearly be identified. Next, the consequences of having clusters are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Comparison of the Forecasting Ability of Immediate Price Impact Models

As a consequence of recent technological advances and the proliferation of algorithmic and high‐frequency trading, the cost of trading in financial markets has irrevocably changed. One important change, known as price impact, relates to how trading affects prices. Price impact represents the largest cost associated with trading. Forecasting price impact is very important as it can provide estimates of trading profits after costs and also suggest optimal execution strategies. Although several models have recently been developed which may forecast the immediate price impact of individual trades, limited work has been done to compare their relative performance. We provide a comprehensive performance evaluation of these models and test for statistically significant outperformance amongst candidate models using out‐of‐sample forecasts. We find that normalizing price impact by its average value significantly enhances the performance of traditional non‐normalized models as the normalization factor captures some of the dynamics of price impact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于跳跃滤波和时变参数估计的中国股市微观结构研究

为了更为有效地探究微观市场结构对股票价格的影响,本文在状态空间模型框架下,同时将交易方向、带方向的交易量、交易间隔、微观噪声以及跳跃因素引入状态方程和观测方程中,建立全面的市场微观结构模型,以反映各变量对交易价格序列产生的暂时性和永久性影响.然后,在采用基于粒子滤波的非参数离群点检测方法检测跳跃并对跳跃进行滤波的基础上,运用贝叶斯最小二乘方法对微观结构模型系数、波动率以及状态变量进行实时更新和估计,在此基础上分析跳跃日度分布、日内分布、个股跳跃和共同跳跃特征,并同时判断不同交易方向、交易量的订单对价格产生的影响.最后选取2015年股灾期间、沪市股票的逐笔数据作为研究样本进行实证研究.实证结果显示:我国股票高频时间序列跳跃和共同跳跃均存在日内季节性,且跳跃频率和大小与市场信息密切相关;买卖订单对交易价格及股票价值的影响并不是完全对称的,交易价格对于微观结构的敏感度、微观结构噪声也随市场波动而发生变化,熊市中都相对更高;考虑跳跃滤波并对参数进行实时估计可以提高价格对于交易的敏感度,能更好地捕捉市场微观结构在价格发现中的作用.