Flexible micro-supercapacitors fabricated from MnO2 nanosheet/graphene composites with black phosphorus additive

Supercapacitors are widely used for powering flexible/wearable electronics owing to their excellent charge storage capabilities. In this study, MnO₂ nanosheets were grown on the surface of graphene using a simple water bath method to prepare graphene/MnO₂ composites for fabricating supercapacitors. In addition, two-dimensional black phosphorus was introduced as an additive into the electronic ink based on the as-prepared graphene/MnO₂ composites. The characterization and electrochemical analyses results showed that adding black phosphorus considerably improved the capacitive performance of the material, yielding a high specific capacitance of 241.5 ?F ?g^-1 at 0.1 ?A ?g^-1 and an impressive rate capability improvement from 52.5% to 80.3%. Then the micro-supercapacitor having an area-specific capacitance of 20.15 ?mF ?cm^-2 at a scanning rate of 2 ?mV ?s^-1 was utilized to demonstrate the practical applicability of this material. To further evaluate the practical applicability of this micro-supercapacitor, the micro-supercapacitor was integrated with a flexible thin-film pressure sensor on paper and cloth through screen printing.     

丝光沸石静态吸附牛尿废水中磷的实验研究

以丝光沸石作为吸附材料,采用静态吸附法考察了丝光沸石对牛尿废水中总磷的吸附效果及影响因素,并对其吸附等温曲线进行了研究.实验结果表明,静态吸附的最佳工艺条件为:处理50 mL的总磷质量浓度为45.67 mg.L-1的牛尿废水,当吸附剂用量为3.0 g,牛尿废水pH为9.0,吸附时间为6 h,温度为30℃时,吸附后总质量磷质量浓度可下降到10.25 mg.L-1,去除率可达到77.56%.Freundlich吸附等温方程比Langmuir吸附等温方程能更好地描述磷在丝光沸石上的吸附行为.说明丝光沸石作为吸附剂去除牛尿废水中的磷是可行的.     

活性污泥系统对环境pH值变化的响应

为了考察活性污泥系统对环境pH值变化的响应,采用四个小试SBR反应器进行平行试验,研究了在不同原水pH值和不同瞬时混合后pH值条件下,系统污水处理效果以及污泥沉降性的变化.结果表明,由于许多生化反应(硝化、反硝化、放磷等)都消耗或产生碱度,以及水溶液中普遍存在的离子电离平衡,使活性污泥系统对环境pH值的变化具有很好的调...     

兰州市南北两山土壤养分空间分布及其影响因子

分析了兰州南北两山土壤有机质、全氮及全磷的空间分布特征并重点探讨了植被类型与坡向、海拔、坡度等环境因子对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷空间分布的影响.研究结果表明:兰州南北两山土壤有机质和全氮空间分布变异非常显著,空间变异系数分别为55.946%,49.597%,而全磷空间分布差异不显著,空间变异系数仅为8.935%.植被类型对土壤有机质、全氮质量分数有重要影响,其中对土壤有机质质量分数的影响达到显著水平.土壤全磷质量分数不受植被类型影响,仅取决于土壤黄土母质.阴坡土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数均高于阳坡的,其中有机质、全氮质量分数差异达到了显著水平;海拔与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数均呈极显著的正相关性;坡度与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数呈负相关性,但相关性不显著.     

变化的淹水条件对土壤磷素释放影响

为了研究农业磷引起的水体富营养化机理,选择太湖流域宜兴稻麦轮作土,模拟了变化的淹水深度、水土比、不同酸度上覆淹水等,进行了淹水土壤磷释放研究.实验表明:土壤释磷量随淹水深度成比例增加,同一淹水深度土壤吸附/释放磷量出现周期性变化规律;实验得到一个临界水土比4:1,水土比小于4:1时,淹水中没有Fe2 溶出,且土壤磷释放缓慢,而水土比大于4:1时,磷释放强度增大,上覆淹水中开始出现Fe2 ,且随水土比增大而增加;碱性淹水条件时土壤释磷量大于酸性淹水条件时的释磷鼍,其中上覆水pH9.78时土壤释磷量最大,而pH3.7时土壤总铁和Fe2 释放量最大,但此时释磷量很低,表明淹水中水-土体系Fe2 -Fe2 氧化物氢氧化物胶体一定程度上抑制土壤磷的释放.     

含磷FCC催化剂的酸性研究

利用磷酸对高岭土进行处理,制取不同含磷量的活性基质,然后与分子筛、填充物等组合成ＦＣＣ催化剂。在用ＦＴＩＲ技术和ＭＡＴ试验等催化剂表征手段对其表征之后,发现酸性,酸密度和强度等与催化剂的裂化性能有很大关系;所制５种不同含磷量催化剂的酸性特征随含磷量的变化而较有规律地变化。     

鱼胆草中氮、磷及微量元素的质量分数与分布

测定了鱼胆草的氮、磷及10种微量元素(K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd)的质量分数，分析了各元素在鱼胆草各器官内的分布规律．结果表明：在不同器官中的元素质量分数有显著差异，Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn在叶中质量分数最高；K在茎中质量分数最高，N、P、Cu以根中质量分数最高．大多数元素在茎中的质量分数最低．同时还对其药效与微量元素的关系进行了讨论．     

赣江水体氮磷营养盐分布特征与污染来源

以2013年1月和6月实测数据为参考,分析赣江水体氨态氮（ NH4+-N）、硝态氮（ NO3--N）和总磷（ TP）分布特征和污染来源。结果表明:赣江水体枯水期的NH4+-N和NO3--N平均质量浓度高于丰水期,但不具有统计学意义;枯水期的TP平均质量浓度显著高于丰水期。 NH4+-N在赣州和南昌市区下游出现极大值;枯水期干流NO3--N质量浓度在赣州和南昌市区下游较高,丰水期干流浓度相差不大,支流中桃江和袁水NO3--N质量浓度明显偏高;枯水期赣江TP质量浓度在赣州市和南昌市下游出现高值区,丰水期只在赣州市下游出现高值区。通过赣江氮磷营养盐的时空分布特征以及与Cl-质量浓度的相关性得出,赣江NH4+-N污染主要来源于城市污水排放;NO3--N在枯水期主要来源于城市污水排放,丰水期则来自农业污水和城市污水的共同作用;TP主要来源于城市污水排放,其次为农业污水影响。     

壶流河流域非点源磷污染危险性评价

随着壶流河湿地自然保护区内工业废水和城镇污水等得到治理、污染程度减轻的同时,来自农业活动及土地利用的非点源污染成为壶流河水环境污染的重要影响因素.文章研究壶流河水环境现状,并在此基础上进一步探讨壶流河湿地自然保护区流域非点源污染研究中存在的主要问题,并对流域非点源污染研究进行展望.     

Effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>/available phosphorus ratio on plant density in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia ordosica</Emphasis> communities

In soil, CaCO3 can reduce the availability of phosphorus in arid and semi-arid regions, thereby influencing plant growth. However, the effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/available phosphorus ratio (CaCO3/AP ratio) on plant density are unknown. In this study, we examined 4 Artemisia ordosica communities located in arid and semi-arid regions, and performed a pot experiment with an orthogonal design to examine the relationships between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and plant density. The results showed that the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio had a greater effect on growth of A. ordosica than either CaCO3 or AP as single factor. The influence of the soil CaCO3/AP ratio on density of A. ordosica was related to the climatic zone and the types and/or amplitudes of increases in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio. When the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and was less than 2.5, the A. ordosica density increased in the semi-arid region, whereas the density decreased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios in the arid region. In the semi-arid region, when the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and the increase in the soil CaCO3 content was greater than the increase in soil AP, the A. ordosica density increased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios. This means that the relationship between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and the A. ordosica density remained the same. In the arid region, an increase in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio as a result of increased soil CaCO3 content and decreased soil AP resulted in increased density of A. ordosica. Therefore, the relationship between soil CaCO3/AP ratios and density of A. ordosica was altered by these changes in soil chemistry. Thus, the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio is an important factor affecting the density of A. ordosica in arid and semi-arid regions.