Input-Occupancy-Output Techniques and Its Application in Studyon China's Economic Goals for A.D.2030~1

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生态经济投入占用产出的多目标优化模型及求解

尝试研究了建立于生态经济投入占用产出模型基础上的最优规划模型问题以及求解的可行性 .首先 ,给出了生态经济投入占用产出表及相关的环境费用系数计算公式 ;其次 ,建立了具有最小的生产成本、最少的要素占用以及最低的环境费用等多目标规划模型 ;最后 ,提出了以人 -机对话的互动优化 Z-W法求解此类问题.     

Systems Analysis for Economic Value of Water

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｈａｎｘｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｉｓｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｐｏｏｒｉｎｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ．ＴｈｅａｖｅｒａｇｅａｎｎｕａｌｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆＳｈａｎｘｉｉｓａｂｏｕｔ１４２ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｍ３ａｎｄｐｅｒｃａｐｉｔａｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｉｓｏｎｌｙ４５４ｍ３,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｅｑｕａｌｔｏ１／２０ｏｆｔｈｅｐｅｒｃａｐｉｔａｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅｏｆｗａｔｅｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓａｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐａｃｔｏｎｐｅｏｐ…     

沈阳市可持续发展的生态资源占用核算与分析

利用生态足迹方法对沈阳市1993~2004年的生态资源占用进行计算,结果表明,沈阳市1993~2004年人均生态资源占用平均为2.1075 hm2,人均生态承载面积平均为0.724 8hm2,人均生态赤字平均为1.3827 hm2.人均生态资源占用是人均生态承载面积的3倍.1993~2004年间,以人民币表示的生态消耗强度从1993年的3.123 hm2/万元降低到2004年的0.839 hm2/万元,生态效率从3 202元/hm2提高到了11919元/hm2,生态效率提高了2.72倍,年平均增长率为22.69%.生态效率的上升说明单位产出对资源的占用逐渐降低,进一步说明了沈阳市在这12年来对...     

Gastropod shell utilisation pattern by the hermit crab Clibanarius symmetricus (Anomura: Diogenidae) in an Equatorial Amazon estuary

Clibanarius symmetricus is a diogenid hermit crab that is highly abundant in rocky intertidal environments, including the rock outcrops of Amazon estuaries. This study characterises the C. symmetricus shell utilisation pattern in the Marapanim River estuary, Pará, Equatorial Amazon, based on the hypothesis that occupancy patterns would differ, in relation to biometry and diversity of occupied shells, from those of other regions in the range of this species due to the distinct and unique environmental characteristics of equatorial estuaries. Monthly samplings were carried out from August 2006 to July 2007, in the upper and lower areas of the mid-littoral during low tides. A total of seven gastropod species were found as shells occupied by hermit crabs: 93.33% were Thaisella trinitatensis shells, 2.00% Nassarius vibex, 2.00% Neritina virginea, 1.33% Natica marochiensis, 0.67% Parvanachis obesa, and, occasionally, Littorina flava and Phalium granulatum shells, each with only one occurrence (0.33%). Juveniles [cephalothoracic shield length (CL) of less than 3.6 mm] occupied a higher variety of shells, while adults occupied shells with larger meristic variation. Males occupied larger shells. The length of the animal was influenced by shell measurements (total width, aperture width and weight). Clibanarius symmetricus showed occupancy patterns generally similar to those of specimens of the same species previously studied in the Brazilian subtropical region, and this occupancy is explained by shell availability, shell size and weight, and hermit size. However, this study showed lower occupied shell species diversity, and the species with highest occupancy frequency (T. trinitatensis) was not reported in any previous studies on this hermit crab. In addition, the studied population differed in occupancy patterns, with differences between males and females, and between juveniles and adults.     

基于主动红外入侵探测的在室人数测试方法

在室人数与建筑用能系统紧密相关,实时在室人数的监测是建筑用能行为方向的热点问题之一。红外传感是现有研究方法中应用较广泛的方法,其测试精度与安装高度、人员通过速度及人员体型等因素有关,选取主动红外入侵探测器,依据建筑室内人员活动情况,研究了安装高度、通过速度及人员体型对在室人数测试精度的影响。研究结果表明,考虑各种人员体型及通过速度时,测试精度随安装高度的降低先升高后降低。通过速度越慢,测试精度越高,当v≥1.4 m/s时,测试精度低于60%;当1.0 m/s≤v<1.4 m/s时,测试精度为70%～81%;当v<1.0 m/s时,测试精度高于95%,当v<0.8 m/s时,测试精度达到100%等。被测人员的身高和体重指数（BMI）均与测试精度呈强正线性相关。通过不同工况分析,提出了应用于实际场景的综合精度估算方法。     

基于网格单元的点云降维处理算法

针对激光雷达采集数据时,由于会受到外界的干扰因素、扫描精度等负面影响,会使采集到的点云数据空间密度相差较大、存在着很大的噪声和孔洞,使得分析结果不能直接描绘实际物体的模型的问题,本文研究设计了一种基于二进制占网格的点云数据处理算法。首先将分割完成后的点云采用二进制网格的方式聚类进行降维处理,再将点云映射到网格单元中实现不同物体点云的快速聚集。最后,基于寻找出的点云主方向旋转点云从而.建立紧致随动的障碍物包围盒。通过实验验证,该方法能够在保证聚类精度的同时提高运算速度,其建立包围盒能够准确地反映障碍物的尺寸,具有良好的实时性与随动性,对移动机械臂自主避障提供了可靠的信息。     

吸水性涂层在霜层生长初期的抑霜

研究吸水性涂层对霜层生长过程的影响,以寻求抑制结霜的有效方法.通过自行设计的试验设备对吸水性涂层表面上霜层生长特性进行试验研究,获取了不同时段霜层的显微图片,采用数字图像处理方法对其分析,与无涂层的铜表面进行对比.结果表明,吸水性涂层使得结霜时间推迟,霜层高度下降,冰晶体分布稀疏.此外霜层生长初期冰晶体的结构发生了变化,晶体呈倒立状,在某个时段内持续这种状态.对列固含率的分析表明,吸水性涂层的表面在初期有些位置冰晶体含量较高,但有些位置则接近于零,这样的霜层在生长初期甚至加强了热传递.最后通过对比不同表面霜层高度随时间的变化规律发现:吸水性涂层在初期抑霜效果最好,随着时间的推移其抑霜能力逐渐下降.     

空调间歇运行模式下外墙内外保温的能耗特性对比

采用数值计算的方法,对比了不同使用时间段的建筑物在不同空调运行方式以及不同热源强度条件下分别采用外墙外保温和外墙内保温两种保温形式时的能耗特性.结果表明,对于白天使用的建筑物,采用外墙外保温更有利于降低建筑物的空调能耗.对于夜间使用的建筑物,若空调器在使用时间段内持续运行,采用外墙内保温更有利于降低建筑物的空调能耗;而在使用时间段内利用建筑物的蓄冷,空调器间歇运行时,则需评估建筑物热源的大小以确定外墙保温形式.适宜的外墙保温形式的选取应当综合考虑建筑物的使用时间段、空调器的运行方式以及建筑物热源强度三方面的因素.     

Mechanism of Ag and Al on improving the glass forming ability of CuZr-based alloys

By a mean field theoretical computation,the equilibrium distributions of additional Ag and Al in the crystalline phase of CuZr-based alloys were determined to occupy the two sublattices of the B2 structure randomly.With the molecular dynamics technique,the effects of Ag and Al on the enthalpy difference(ΔH) between the supercooled melt and the crystalline phase were evaluated.The improved glass forming ability of Cu45Zr45Al10 and Cu45Zr45Ag10 can be attributed to their remarkably smaller ΔH than that of CuZr.The calculated diffusion coefficients are more sensitive to the atomic weight of the component atoms than to their interaction strength.As the component atom with the largest mass,the additional Ag increases the viscosity of the supercooled melt significantly and the experimentally stronger glass formation ability of Cu45Zr45Ag10 than Cu45Zr45Al10 can be well understood.