The problem of time's arrow historico-critically reexamined

Responding to Hasok Chang's vision of the history and philosophy of science (HPS) as the continuation of science by other means, I illustrate the methods of HPS and their utility through a historico-critical examination of the problem of “time's arrow”, that is to say, the problem posed by the claim by Boltzmann and others that the temporal asymmetry of many physical processes and indeed the very possibility of identifying each of the two directions we distinguish in time must have a ground in the laws of nature. I claim that this problem has proved intractable chiefly because the standard mathematical representation of time employed in the formulation of the laws of nature “forgets” one of the connotations of the word ‘time’ as it is used in ordinary language and in experimental physics.     

High precision topographic data on Lop Nor basin's Lake "Great Ear" ? and the timing of its becoming a dry salt lake

High precision elevation measurements using DGPS were carried out along three representative tran- sects for the "Great Ear" area, a dry salt lake within the Lop Nor basin. Results indicate that the Lop Nor basin is only 5.2 m deep and its lowest point occurs at the center of the "Great Ear". In addition, the basin is asymmetric - steeper in the southwest (0.19‰) and gentler in the northeast (0.09‰). Points along the same "Great Ear" ring were found to have an identical elevation value, but different when from different ones (lower towards the center). The spacing of the "Great Ear" rings was found to be closely related with the surface steepness. The closer the "Great Ear" rings are spaced, the steeper the ground surface, and vice versa. These findings support the argument that the "Great Ear" rings are the former shoreline trails left behind by Lop Nor water during the last few episodes of recession towards its total dry up. A comprehensive analysis of the high precision elevation data, historical accounts, aerial and satellite photographs and imagery, and official topographic maps of the study area suggests that the "Great Ear" area in the Lop Nor basin was incorrectly mapped as being covered by a great body of water on the 1963 topographic maps. A re-interpretation of the 1958 aerial photographs and newer remote sensing imagery indicated that the "Great Ear" ring structure was already in place in 1958 and it continued to appear on the subsequent remote sensing data without any major changes. It is estimated that lake water in the "Great Ear" area of the Lop Nor basin disappeared between the late 1930s and early 1940s.     

浅谈预算编制改革与预算执行改革

针对传统预算编制方法与预算执行机制中存在的突出问题,浅谈如何同步推进预算编制改革与预算执行改革。     

Solving Non-Uniqueness in Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Using Multidendrograms

In agglomerative hierarchical clustering, pair-group methods suffer from a problem of non-uniqueness when two or more distances between different clusters coincide during the amalgamation process. The traditional approach for solving this drawback has been to take any arbitrary criterion in order to break ties between distances, which results in different hierarchical classifications depending on the criterion followed. In this article we propose a variable-group algorithm that consists in grouping more than two clusters at the same time when ties occur. We give a tree representation for the results of the algorithm, which we call a multidendrogram, as well as a generalization of the Lance andWilliams’ formula which enables the implementation of the algorithm in a recursive way. The authors thank A. Arenas for discussion and helpful comments. This work was partially supported by DGES of the Spanish Government Project No. FIS2006–13321–C02–02 and by a grant of Universitat Rovira i Virgili.     

电动势的测定及其应注意的问题

本课题通过用不同的方法测定的电动势分析,经过电动势测定的误差分析,找到各种方法的利弊,并且对电极制备以及测定电动势的装置进行改进,近而对问题进行探讨。改进后找到实验和研究的捷径,从而在高等学校化学实验以及生产中节省很多的人力和财力。     

三维光盘存储系统中双光头同步控制的频域分析与辨识

详细介绍了双光头同步控制原理.对采集的伺服模块聚焦误差跟踪信号及共焦模块读写光头的聚焦线圈驱动信号进行了频域分析,并以此两路信号作为系统输入输出,分别对三种参数模型进行参数优化.根据3种模型的频率响应及阶跃响应,选择双光头同步控制过程的参数模型为[450]阶的ARX模型.实测曲线与模型仿真结果符合度(fit)为78.0259%.     

对面向对象分析法进行比较评估的一种新方法

提出一种新的比较框架，其中包含了一系列面向对象分析（OOA）方法共同的基本特性．以5种著名的面向对象分析方法为例，阐述了如何通过它们的特性细节，对面向对象分析方法进行分析、比较和评估．     

小波分析在1-10TeV宇宙线气象效应研究中的应用

利用小波变换,结合折叠周期分析方法,对羊八井宇宙线观测站TibetASγ阵列1997年11月到1998年6月的实验记录数据进行周期分析,发现了气象参量,包括观测面处大气压和室外温度的日变化和半日变化.接下来的关联分析表明:宇宙线流强的周期变化与气压和温度的周期变化显著相关.     

共轭斜量法在某些特征向量上收敛速度的估计

设 Ａ是对称正定矩阵，λ_1是 Ａ 的最大或最小特征值，χ_1是对应的特征向量．｛zk｝是用共轭斜量法求解方程组 Αχ＝ｂ时的近似解序列，ｅi＝Ａ～(_1)b-zi,本文给出了|x_1～Tei|较合理的上界估计式。从而为分析预处理共轭斜量法提供了进一步的理论基础。     

C~3I系统理论评述

本文综述了C~3I系统研究中的主要问题与现状,讨论了该系统的建模、效能分析以及影响理论研究的几个因素,并对未来C~3I系统理论的主要问题、难点以及解决手段等进行了探讨。