Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

A user designer-based systems methodology

This paper develops the argument that in organizational redesign it is desirable to utilize user-designers as the architects for the redesign. A methodology is developed which emphasizes the use of ideal systems models by user-designers to plan for the organization's future. The methodology involves the creation of an ideal system model, then an analysis of the present system through the creation of root definitions and process models of the existing system. Then root definitions and process models for the idealized system are created. Finally, the two are compared and desirable changes are generated which bring the existing system toward the idealized.     

拟塑性流体理论中一类奇异非线性边界值问题

研究了起源于拟塑性流体理论中的一类奇异非线性两点边界值问题正确的存在性和唯一性。     

一种使用非线性循环数列解决堆栈问题的算法

提出了一种使用非线性循环数列解决堆栈问题的算法,对研究栈的性质和求解栈的输出序列具有一定的实用价值。     

集成化企业网络需求分析信息量化模型

集成化企业网络需求分析信息量化模型冯径沈苏彬顾冠群（东南大学计算机科学与工程系,南京２１００９６）集成化企业网络是ＣＩＭＳ网络的典型网络,包括设计制造、控制和管理等各方面的网络集成［１,２］．网络需求分析是网络设计的第一步［３］,它不仅是整个网络设...     

分形编码中的最优压缩映射

提高传统分形压缩编码的性能。方法将分形变换编码建模为一个不等式约束条件下的非线性规划问题,将压缩射条件作用到最优射的求解过程中,得到全局意义上的最优压缩映射,给出了该模型及相应的求解算法,对算法收敛性,初始点选择等问题进行了讨论。     

Properties of a supercritical superdiffusion and solutions of its corresponding differential equation

The range and the nonextinction property of a supercritical superdiffusion and solutions of its corresponding differential equation are studied. It is pruved that under a suitable condition, the conditioned superprocess of the supercritical superdiffusion is a subcritical superdiffusion.     

时变不确定非线性系统的鲁棒输出跟踪

该文研究了一为具有时变参数或扰动的非线性系统的鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制问题,假定系统的标称模型是可以反馈线性化的,通过递推构造壮环系统地的Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ函数,给出了该类不确定系统鲁棒输出跟踪控制器设计方案。该控制器能保证闭环系统的状态是一致有界的,且通过对控制器参数的适当选择,可使闭环系统的输出跟踪达到指定的精度要求,最后由一机器人控制系统的仿真研究表明,该文提出了控制方案具有很强的鲁棒性,控制效果是令     

非对称渐开线圆柱齿轮的动力学特性

通过对非对称渐开线圆柱齿轮传动的啮合特性分析,建立了齿轮动力学模型,并利用数值积分和数值仿真方法对其进行了非线性振动研究.针对齿轮传动的时变刚度特点,比较了标准齿轮与非对称齿轮的振动特性.结果表明:在同等工况下,非对称齿轮比标准齿轮具有更良好的动力学特性.     

论科学研究的层次——科学研究规律探讨之一

在使用和分析了大量近现代科学史实的基础上,指出科学研究可以分为科学发现、科技发明、科学理论、科学模型和哲学5个层次.在分析了每个层次的分类、特点、产生途径和在科学研究中的地位和作用之后,指出科学研究的5个层次是一个对研究对象的认识逐渐深化的过程.前两个层次回答了“怎么样”的问题,第3、4个层次回答了“为什么”的问题,第5个层次是前4个层次的总结.当前的高技术含量的科学研究需要巨大的投入,所以科学研究需要资本介入,而资本介入也必然改变原来意义的科学研究.