窄分散共聚倍半硅氧烷微球的制备与形成机理

将氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APS)和苯基三乙氧基硅烷(PTES)在碱催化下水解共缩聚,制备了窄分散的聚氨丙基/苯基倍半硅氧烷(PAPSQ)微球.采用扫描电镜和粒度分析仪研究了APS/PTES摩尔比、水/硅摩尔比、共溶剂、四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)浓度和单体总浓度等反应条件对PAPSQ微球形貌和大小的影响,并对PAPSQ微球在不同反应条件下的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:APS/PTES摩尔比为1/4、水硅摩尔比为50、TMAOH浓度为0.025 mol/L、单体总浓度为0.25 mol/L、以乙醇为共溶剂时,PAPSQ微球粒径在0.7～1.0μm之间,呈窄分散性;以氨水为催化剂、异丙醇为共溶剂时,产物微球粒径较大,粒径分布较宽;较低的水硅摩尔比和TMAOH浓度下,只形成部分球形粒子;两单体总浓度过高时,难以形成微球.     

Real-time filter based on the quasi-accurate detection of gross errors

Because of the sensitivity of the Kalman framework to gross errors, proper techniques for detection of gross errors are necessary. By integrating the selection of quasi-accurate observations and the Kalman framework, a new filter called the quasi-accurate filter (QUAF) is developed. The expansibility and implementation scheme of the new algorithm are then discussed in detail, and the reliability matrix for the Kalman filter is proposed to analyze the reliability of the filters with different detection technologies. Finally, the experimental results from a real world case study are used to validate the conclusions. The QUAF carries out the preliminary selection of the quasi-accurate observations (QAOs) using the innovation of the Kalman filter, and use the check QAOs to determine reasonable observations. This causes the QUAF to handle more easily and possess wider expansibility. QUAF can be reformulated to the special cases of several common detection methods, such as the innovation method, robust estimation and quasi-accurate detection (QUAD). Since only reasonable observations are used, the QUAF has better detection accuracy and stronger avoidance of gross errors than the innovation method and robust estimation. Meanwhile, compared with QUAD methods, QUAF introduces the state-predicted model, requiring fewer quasi-accurate observations and making it more suitable for systems with complicated observation structures or sparse observations.     

Numerical simulation of acoustic wake effect in acoustic agglomeration under Oseen flow condition

We numerically simulate the hydrodynamic interaction of aerosol particles due to the acoustic wake effect under the Oseen flow condition.Attraction is found for two nearby particles with an orientation angle of 0 to 50° with respect to the acoustic field,and weak repulsion is found outside this range.Good agreement is obtained between the numerical results and experiments in the literature.We study the influence of particle size,sound wave frequency and the particle separation.The result shows that the acoustic wake effect plays a significant role in acoustic agglomeration.It could be either the major agglomeration mechanism of monodisperse aerosols or the major refill mechanism for polydisperse aerosols to supplement orthokinetic interaction.     

利用基于精英策略的粒子群算法求解多目标规划问题

本文提出了一种求解多目标规划问题的精英粒子群算法.该算法利用精英策略存储每一代Pareto最优解,同时提出了一种最优粒子的选取策略用以克服粒子陷入局部最优的缺点.最后,通过数值实验验证算法的可行性和有效性.     

一种基于PCNN检测的文档图像去噪算法

基于简化脉冲耦合神经网络(SPCNN),提出一种有效的文档图像脉冲噪声去除方法。首先通过测试模拟文档图像说明SPCNN检测文档图像噪声的可行性,然后设计SPCNN检测算法判断出噪声像素并加以标记,只对标记为噪声的像素做滤波处理。从仿真实验可以看出,本文方法具有较好的视觉效果,计算结果表明该方法比一般去噪方法明显改善。     

浓硫酸改性硅胶的制备及其催化酯化反应研究

以浓硫酸改性硅胶为催化剂,催化冰乙酸(脂肪酸)、苯甲酸(芳香酸)、丙烯酸(α,β-不饱和酸)与不同醇的酯化反应,得到10个相应的化合物.该方法操作简单,催化剂用量少(1.0 g),时间短(1.5 h),产率较高(47.4%～88.3%),催化剂重复使用5次,对产率的影响不大.醇既是反应原料又是有机溶剂,对环境友好,符合绿色化学理念.     

基于改进的相关度的局部图像修复模型

TV模型在修复图像时对整个待修复图像进行迭代,文章提出了针对破损区域进行修复的局部修复模型,大大缩短了修复时间;并在有关改进方法的基础上,引入改进的相关度,使修复效果更好.实验结果表明,在迭代次数相同的条件下,该修复模型比TV模型和有关改进的TV模型的图像修复效果更好,所用时间更短.     

强噪声下微弱信号处理方法研究

机械设备中信号检测时有用信号比较微弱且存在较强的噪声,给信号检测与处理带来了一定的困难。针对这个难题,采用相关检测、自适应滤波器等微弱信号检测方法,从噪声中检测出微弱信号。首先介绍了相关检测法与自适应滤波器的基本原理,重点阐述相关检测法与自适应滤波器结构及去除噪声干扰的方法,分别用时域与频域方法对微弱信号进行提取。最后在机械实验台上进行验证,实验结果表明：相关检测法与自适应滤波器均能去除干扰信号,提取到有效信号。     

焦粉活化处理焦化废水

通过改变化学试剂种类、浓度和时间等3个因素来活化焦粉并处理焦化废水的实验,研究了活化焦粉对焦化废水中的挥发酚、COD物质、氨氮和有色物的去除率.结果表明：水蒸气改性焦粉的处理效果优于化学试剂改性焦粉的处理效果.水蒸气改性后的焦粉,其处理废水中挥发酚的去除率可达98.67%,COD去除率可达83.05%,氨氮去除率可达37.52%,色度去除率可达94.71%.采用5 mol.L-1的HNO3活化焦粉,氨氮去除率效果较好,可达49.33%.     

一个新的拟牛顿信赖域方法

提出求解无约束优化问题的一个修正拟牛顿信赖域方法。算法可以保持信赖域子问题海森矩阵的正定性。在适当条件下,证明了算法的全局收敛性,并通过数值实验说明了算法的可行性。