微波辐射下N-取代乙酰胺的合成

报道了一种简单有效的合成N-取代乙酰胺的新方法.在微波辐射、无溶剂条件下,1.5摩尔比率的乙酸酐和一系列胺发生反应合成15个N-取代乙酰胺,该方法操作简便,反应时间短,产率高.更重要的是该方法适用范围较广(脂肪胺、芳香胺、杂环胺).环境友好.     

磁流体的微波吸收分析研究

利用量子尺度效应和二向色性原理,对纳米磁流体的微波吸收特性进行了推理分析,得出纳米磁流体对微波具有很强的衰减吸收作用.     

微波辅助催化合成苯乙醚的探讨

在微波辐射和相转移催化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的作用下,采用酚钠盐与溴乙烷反应合成了苯乙醚.实验讨论了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、反应温度、催化剂种类等因素对苯乙醚合成的影响.结果表明,在相转移催化剂的存在下,用微波辅助催化,可使苯乙醚合成反应时间缩短,且收率显著提高.     

超声波-微波协同萃取虎杖中大黄素

以大黄素含量为指标对虎杖中有效成分进行了超声波-微波协同萃取。采用正交设计法优化了萃取条件。试验结果表明在超声波功率内置为50 W的仪器条件下影响大黄素萃取的主要因素依次是:乙醇浓度、提取时间、乙醇用量、微波功率。大黄素的最佳萃取条件是:乙醇浓度为90%,乙醇用量为75 mL,提取时间为5 min,微波功率为30 W。正交优化条件下,大黄素得率可达1.26%。萃取效果明显优于传统的溶剂回流方法和超临界流体萃取。     

微波-超声法制备a-A1203纳米粉体的研究

通过x-射线衍射、扫描电镜及透射电镜,研究了结合微波-超声的溶胶-凝胶法制备a-A1203,纳米粉体,并探讨了该制备条件下“a-A1203,晶种的引入对产物相变的影响．结果表明：该法能制备出外观呈球形、粒径分布比较均匀、粒径约15nm,的“a-A1203,,且实验快速、简便;而引入a-A1203晶种,能促进θ-A1203,向a-A1203,转变,并能有效降低产物相变温度,当引入量为2％时,1000℃煅烧并恒温2}l的产物全部为a-A1203     

Influence of surface passivation on the minority carrier lifetime,Fe-B pair density and recombination center concentration

Three kinds of methods (0.08 mol/L iodine in ethanol, SiNx:H, and 40% HF) are used to passivate solar-grade Czochralski (Cz) silicon wafers. Thereafter, minority carrier lifetime and Fe-B pair density of the wafers are measured using the microwave pho-to-conductance decay (μ-PCD) technique. Based on the measured minority carrier lifetime, it is found that the passivation quality achieved by 0.08 mol/L iodine in ethanol is the best, while that by 40% HF solution is the worst. For the identical wafer, the density distribution of Fe-B pairs is different when different passivation methods are used. When the wafers are passivated by SiNx:H, there exists a close correlation between the distribution of minority carrier lifetime and the concentration distribution of Fe-B pairs. Furthermore, for wafers with high-quality passivation, there is a strong correlation between the recombination center concentration and the Fe-B pair density. All the analyses verify that the surface passivation quality of wafers influences the measurement results of minority carrier lifetime, Fe-B pair density and recombination center concentration.     

微波辅助萃取-高效液相色谱法测定苦丁茶中熊果酸的含量

采用微波辅助萃取—高效液相色谱法测定了苦丁茶中熊果酸的含量.苦丁茶粉碎后以乙醇为溶剂,微波高火提取4 min,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定熊果酸的含量.色谱柱为InertsilC18柱（5μm,4.6×150 mm）;流动相为甲醇/水（体积比90∶10）,流速为0.8mL/min,柱温40℃,检测波长为210nm.结果表明熊果酸在0.0996~0.4980mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.8%,RSD=1.12%,苦丁茶中熊果酸的含量为14.55 mg/g.     

2-Steps Preparation Activated Carbon from Solidago Canadensis: Carbonized by Electrial heating and Activated by Microwave Radiation

The activated carbon(AC)was prepared from Solidago Canadensis(SC),an alien invasive plant.The plant was firstly carbonized under nitrogen at 400 ℃ for 90 min in an electrical furnace,and then the carbonized product was activated with KOH through microwave radiation.Effects of KOH/C ratio,microwave power,microwave radiation time on the adsorption capacities and yield of AC were evaluated.It indicated that the optimum conditions were KOH/C ratio 2 g/g,microwave power 700 W,and microwave radiation time 6 min.The carbonation process of SC was analyzed by thermogravimetry(TG).The pore structural parameters and surface functional groups of the AC were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),respectively.The activation yield,the surface area,the average pore size,and the average micropore size of AC prepared from optimum conditions were 53.75%,1 888 m2/g,0.567 nm,and 0.488 nm,respectively.The adsorption amounts of AC were 302.4 mg/g for methylene blue and 1 470.27 mg/g for iodine.     

微波光子滤波器

微波光子滤波器能够实现在光域内直接对射频信号的处理,并且较易实现可调谐性和传输函数的快速重构,从而成为微波光子学的一个重要研究内容.本文综合评述了不同光源的微波光子滤波器和基于FBG的不同微波光子滤波器结构,并分析比较了各自的功能特点和不足.     

微波辅助合成聚天冬氨酸

借助微波辅助手段,以天冬氨酸（A）为原料,在均三甲苯和环丁砜混合溶剂中,以磷酸（体积分数为85%）为催化剂进行聚合反应。考察了催化剂用量、微波功率、反应温度和反应时间等因素对聚琥珀酰亚胺（PSI）的产率以及分子量的影响;进一步对PSI进行水解反应,并用红外光谱对水解产物进行结构表征。结果表明：借助微波辅助加热手段,使得聚合反应时间大大缩短,由传统热缩合反应的3～5h缩短为20min左右,反应效率明显提高;随催化剂用量的增加,PSI的产率增加,分子量降低,但过多的催化剂存在会导致产率下降;微波功率增大,PSI产率与分子量均呈下降趋势;在微波作用下,聚合反应温度（170～200℃）明显低于传统热缩合聚合的温度,并随着温度的升高和反应时间的延长,PSI的产率和聚天冬氨酸（PASP）分子量均呈现明显增加。在合适的条件下,可制备出数均分子量为6000～20000,分子量分布为1.3～2.4的PASP产物。