我国有色金属尾矿的资源化利用研究现状

阐述了我国金属尾矿的现状及特点,论述了有色金属尾矿综合利用的重要性,系统介绍了有价金属再回收的研究进展以及尾矿在生产建筑材料、井下充填、土地复垦等方面的应用情况。     

PdO_x/金属磷酸盐催化剂催化分解N_2O

使用商业化的金属磷酸盐(M-P-O,M=Mg,Al,Ca,Fe,Co,Zn,La)为载体,以Pd(NO_3)_2为PdOx的前躯体,制备了PdOx/M-P-O系列催化剂,并测试了催化剂的N_2O分解性能.发现PdOx/Ca-P-O(又记为PdOx/HAP,HAP为羟基磷灰石)在该系列样品中表现出最佳催化活性,在反应温度375℃时能催化N_2O完全转化.而其他PdOx/M-P-O催化剂几乎没有活性.O2在反应气中的共存对PdOx/HAP的活性影响很小,而H_2O蒸气的共存明显抑制活性.但O2和H_2O蒸气对活性的影响是可逆的,即O2或者H_2O撤走后,活性复原.PdOx/HAP在无O2和有O2情况下都保持较好的稳定性.使用4%H2,在400℃对PdOx/HAP进行预处理能提高催化活性.使用XRD、TEM、XPS、ICP等对PdOx/HAP进行了表征.     

密封皮碗骨架结构改进及优化分析

针对钻井作业中密封皮碗在高压下失效的现象,设计了一种密封皮碗的钢制骨架。应用ANSYS Workbench,通过建立具有钢质骨架的密封皮碗模型,进行35MPa密封压力下的承压能力分析;通过对骨架结构相关参数进行优化设计,得到满足设计要求的密封皮碗骨架形式。     

Cu2+和Zn2+对模拟胃液中NDMA形成的影响

【目的】在模拟胃液条件下研究重金属Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对内源致癌性N-二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)形成的影响,并进一步探讨其作用机理。【方法】分别用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)和离子色谱法(IC)来测定NDMA、二甲胺(DMA)和亚硝酸根(NO_2~-)含量。【结果】在模拟胃液条件下,Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)浓度高于50mg/L时,可以促进NDMA的形成,且当浓度由50mg/L增大到200mg/L时,Cu~(2+)促进率由1.16%增大到94.56%,Zn~(2+)促进率由21.32%增大到45.86%。在重金属浓度为符合或接近符合水质基准值1.0mg/L时,Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对NDMA的形成也分别有16.88%和13.42%的促进率;而当重金属浓度为10mg/L时,两种离子却均抑制NDMA的形成。机理研究表明Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)促进NDMA的形成主要是由于其与DMA发生相互作用,进而导致NDMA形成。【结论】高浓度的Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)通过与DMA相互作用,形成活性中间体从而促进NDMA的生成。     

稻米重金属污染风险及控制

稻米是我国的主粮,随着工农业和城市化的快速发展,稻米重金属污染胁迫问题日益突出。针对我国稻米重金属污染的种类、形成原因进行了分析,并对稻米重金属的控制技术及对策提出了建议,以期待为稻米重金属污染的解决、保障食品安全提供指导。     

Chemical,mechanical, and thermal expansion properties of a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite

In the present study, the chemical and mechanical properties and the thermal expansion of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based crystalline nano-aluminum (nano Al) composite were reported. The properties of nanocomposites were tailored by incorporating CNTs into the nano Al matrix using a physical mixing method. The elastic moduli and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites were also estimated to understand the effects of CNT reinforcement in the Al matrix. Microstructural characterization of the nanocomposite reveals that the CNTs are dispersed and embedded in the Al matrix. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of CNTs into the nano Al matrix results in the increase in hardness and elastic modulus along with a concomitant decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion. The hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposite increase by 21% and 20%, respectively, upon CNT addition. The CTE of CNT/Al nanocomposite decreases to 70% compared with that of nano Al.     

金属氧化物对霍林河褐煤催化热解行为的影响

选用4种金属氧化物(CaO、Al2O3、Fe2O3、NiO)作为催化剂对霍林河褐煤进行热解,利用热重分析技术和动力学模型对褐煤热解行为进行分析,研究不同金属氧化物对褐煤热解催化效果的影响。结果表明,4种金属氧化物催化剂的加入均能有效提高褐煤热解的转化率,其对褐煤热解转化率的促进作用顺序为:NiOCaOFe2O3Al2O3;在褐煤整个热解过程中,CaO、Fe2O3及NiO均表现出良好的催化作用,而Al2O3仅在热缩聚阶段有一定的催化效果;褐煤在活泼热解阶段和热缩聚阶段的热解过程分别可用一级单一反应模型和二级单一反应模型进行描述,4种金属氧化物在活泼热解阶段对褐煤的催化效果为:NiOFe2O3CaOAl2O3,在热缩聚阶段对褐煤的催化效果为:Fe2O3CaONiOAl2O3。     

Effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue properties of alloy steels

This paper addresses the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo, which suffer from substantial vibrational loading at small stress amplitude, high stress ratio, and high frequency in the high-temperature environments in which they function as blade and rotor spindle materials in advanced gas or steam turbine engines. Fatigue tests were performed on alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo subjected to constant-amplitude loading at four stress ratios and at four and three temperatures, respectively, to determine their temperature-dependent HCF properties. The interaction mechanisms between high temperature and stress ratio were deduced and compared with each other on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. A phenomenological model was developed to evaluate the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent HCF properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo. Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.     

板材的冲裁力学研究及应用

简单而系统地介绍了板材的冲裁变形力学方面的最新研究成果:测得了完整的冲裁曲线,提出了冲裁变形过程的6个阶段及单位冲裁力与板料硬度的函数关系式,并介绍了初步的实际应用成果.     

半连续金属膜在中断蒸镀后的电阻弛豫研究

在超高真空的环境中蒸镀半连续铌(Nb)膜和银(Ag)膜,中断蒸镀后,立即原位测量样品电阻在10min内随时间的变化(弛豫现象)。发现Nb膜和Ag膜分别表现出电阻升高和降低的不同行为,而且基底温度和膜厚对弛豫强度都有较大的影响。分析表明,这些现象是由膜表面金属原子运动引起的岛的吞并以及岛的边际形变引起的。