Ethanol and opioid receptor signalling

Summary Ethanol may modulate endogenous opioid systems by disrupting opioid receptor signalling. Low concentrations of ethanol slightly potentiate <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptor binding by increasing receptor B<sub>max</sub>, and, in some cases, chronic ethanol exposure decreases the density or affinity of the <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptors. By contrast, high concentrations of ethanol acutely decrease <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptor binding by decreasing receptor affinity, whereas chronic exposure of animals and neuronal cell lines to lower concentrations of ethanol leads to possibly adaptive increases in the density or affinity of the <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptors. In the neuronal cell line NG108-15, ethanol does not up-regulate the <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptor by blocking receptor degradation or endocytosis, but protein synthesis is required for this response. Up-regulation of the <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptor renders ethanol-treated NG108-15 cells 3.5-fold more sensitive to opioid inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Long-term treatment with ethanol also increases maximal opioid inhibition in NG108-15 cells, possibly by decreasing levels of G<img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"><sub>s</sub> and its mRNA. Ethanol differentially modulates signal transduction proteins in three additional neuronal cell lines, N18TG2, N4TG1, and N1E-115. Ethanol-treated N18TG2 cells show the least up-regulation of the <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptor, little heterologous desensitization of adenylyl cyclase, and no changes in G<img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"><sub>s</sub> or G<img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"><sub>i</sub>. By contrast, ethanol-treated N1E-115 cells show the largest up-regulation of the <img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-opioid receptor, the most heterologous desensitization of adenylyl cyclase, and concentration-dependent decreases in G<img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"><sub>s</sub> and increases in G<img src="/content/jt2434l724t62761/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"><sub>i</sub>. Further analysis of these related neuronal cell lines may help to identify the molecular elements that endow some, but not all, neuronal cells with the capacity to adapt to ethanol.     

南海XX油田水平井完井防砂方法研究

根据南海XX油田的特点,优选了该油田水平井的完井防砂方法为裸眼内直接下优质防砂筛管完井防砂,并预测了防砂完井后的产能,研究了不同表皮系数对水平井产能的影响。在分析地层砂粒度分布的基础上,通过室内出砂模拟实验,确定了该油田各油层的防砂筛管挡砂精度。     

三重介质油藏水平井试井解释模型研究

孔、洞、缝三重介质油藏在碳酸盐岩储层中较为普遍。采用Warrant-Root的方法建立了三重介质油藏水平井渗流数学模型,并采用Lord Kelvin点源解、贝塞尔函数积分和泊松叠加公式等方法求解了各向异性无限大三重介质油藏水平井在拉氏空间中的无因次压力响应函数。通过计算得到了无因次压力和压力导数双对数理论图版,并在其基础上分析了三重介质油藏水平井渗流特征及其影响因素。     

智能井控系统的控制研究

智能井控系统是应用计算机对井口回压进行监测和实时控制的机、电、液一体化系统,系统采用计算机电液比例闭环控制。通过研究建立电液比例控制系统的数学模型,并采用PID控制和专家控制相结合的方法,结合石油天然气井控的相关知识实现对井控节流系统的计算机自动控制。该系统在塔里木现场试验获得圆满成功,系统工作稳定、压力超调量小、控制准确,具有广阔的应用前景。     

肝郁脾虚证动物模型的研究进展

对近年来肝郁脾虚证动物模型的研究现状进行了评述 ,对存在的问题进行了分析讨论。肝郁脾虚证动物模型主要有CCl4 ,注射法、高脂饲料饲喂与CCl4 注射联合造模法、夹尾激怒加苦寒泻下法、限食限动加结肠注射醋酸法复制肝郁脾虚证或肝郁脾虚证溃疡性结肠炎病证结合模型 ,为肝郁脾虚证的深入研究开辟了新途径。但还存在一些问题 ,应进一步提高和完善 ,如在造模方法上应尽可能注意与中医传统病因学说的相似性 ,在模型症状指标上应结合动物的生理、病理特征建立起符合动物特性的统一的判断标准 ,并建立起本模型的生物学特征 ,在客观指标的确立上应重视多指标互参 ,在复健方药的选择上应力求标准化     

广义凸性假设下的集合最优化解的性质

集合最优化与向量最优化同属于多目标最优化的范畴,后者依赖于目标空间向量之间的序关系,而前者则依赖于集合之间的序关系.介绍了由Kuroiwa引入的拓扑线性空间中集合之间的序关系(下关系和上关系)及与此相关的集合最优化问题;探讨了其最优解和弱最优解的性质,并把向量最优化问题的相关结论推广到集合最优化;在一些广义凸性假设下,得到了集合最优化问题的最优解与弱最优解的关系以及局部最优解和全局最优解的关系.     

股骨近端骨密度结合其几何参数在老年人骨质疏松性髋部骨折诊治中的临床意义

目的探讨股骨近端骨密度与几何结构参数在老年人骨质疏松性髋部骨折诊治中的临床意义。方法将65例髋部骨折患者作为实验组。同期健康体检的60例老年志愿者为对照组。在骨盆片上测量股骨近端几何参数,在股骨颈、Ward’S三角和转子处测量BMD值（髋部骨折组对其健侧进行检测）,对结果进行比较分析。结果实验组的BMD值低于对照组（P〈0．05）;股骨颈骨皮质厚度与股骨颈BMD值有相关性（r=0．54,P〈0．05）;股骨距内侧皮质厚度、转子处BMD值、颈干角和Ward’s三角BMD值相结合在预测髋部骨折中价值较大（r=0．78,r2=0．57,P〈0．05）。结论股骨近端骨密度结合其几何结构参数在骨质疏松性髋部骨折的诊治中具有较大的临床意义。     

基于1αβ空间和抗混叠Contourlet变换的遥感图像融合算法

针对遥感图像中多光谱和全色图像的融合问题,提出一种基于lαβ空间和抗混叠Contourlet变换(non-aliasingcontourlet transform,NACT)的融合方法.该方法首先将多光谱图像进行lαβ变换,对其l分量和全色图像分别进行抗混叠Contourlet变换;然后,利用循环平移(cycle spinning,CS)算法消除由于变换缺乏平移不变性而引起的图像失真,对得到的低频子带系数和各带通方向子带系数分别进行融合;最后,通过抗混叠Contourlet逆变换和lαβ逆变换得到新的l分量以及融合后的高空间分辨率的多光谱图像.实验结果表明,该算法优于传统的色度-亮度-饱和度(hue-intensity-saturation,HIS)变换融合方法、小波融合方法以及Contourlet变换方法.     

TREE DECOMPOSITIONS OF MULTIGRAPHS

1.IntroductionInthispaperweconsideronlyfiniteundirectedlooplessgraphs.ForasubgraphHofG,E(H)andP(H)denotethenumberofedgesandthenUmberofcyclesinHrespectively.GiventwodisjointsubsetsXandYofV(G),wewriteEG(X,Y)={acEE(G)IxEX,y6Y}.IfTisatreeinGande=acEG--E(T)with{u,v}CV(T),thenT econtainsauniquecycle.WedenotethiscyclebyC(T,e).Aforestiscalledak-tree-forestifitconsistsofexactlykpairwisedisjointtrees.ForagraphG,ifE(G)canbepartitionedilltoseveralpairwisedisjointsetsas{EI,EZ,...,EI}such…     

lp空间的完备性

给出了lp 空间完备性的证明