反应-对流-扩散方程组的齐次Dirichlet外区域问题的Fujita型定理

利用能量比较方法和比较原理考虑含源和对流项的耦合非线性扩散方程组的齐次Dirichlet外区域问题解的整体存在和爆破性质,确定了临界Fujita曲线,并建立了Fujita型爆破定理.结果表明,该临界Fujita曲线依赖于方程组的空间维数、对流项和反应项.     

开口U形肋组合桥面板基本力学性能

为了检验所提出的开口U形肋组合桥面板在桥梁使用中的受力性能,并区分其与常规桥面板的受力性能,设计制作了3个不同桥面板试件,其中包括1个混凝土桥面板、1个正交异性钢桥面板、1个带U形肋组合桥面板.通过静力试验测试了不同桥面板在荷载作用下负弯矩区混凝土开裂情况、桥面板不同部位的结构应变和变形、极限承载力等.试验结果表明,在车轮荷载作用下,开口U形肋组合桥面板的应力远远低于正交异性钢桥面板的应力,避免了桥面板钢结构疲劳的发生;在重量比混凝土桥面板小57%的情况下,组合桥面板的承载力是混凝土桥面板的1.42倍;在用钢量约为钢桥面板1/2的情况下,二者的承载力相当.     

配置组合封闭箍筋叠合框架梁端抗震性能试验

通过6个试件的低周反复加载试验,研究了配置HRB500纵筋和组合封闭箍筋的叠合混凝土框架梁端的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性等抗震性能以及极限承载能力.结果表明:叠合试件的叠合面和根部结合面出现开裂和滑移,其滞回曲线捏拢,耗能、极限承载力和位移延性系数均小于整浇试件;叠合试件的位移延性系数为3.6~4.5;叠合试件与整浇试件的极限承载力之比平均为0.90,但与按规范GB 50010—2010得到的计算值之比平均为1.31;达到极限承载力前,各试件的高强纵筋和斜拉破坏试件的箍筋均能受拉屈服;配箍形式和根部结合面类型对叠合试件的抗震性能和极限承载力影响不大.     

高速列车转向架区域裙板对流场与气动噪声的影响

运用声学比拟理论,采用1∶10简化模型对高速列车转向架部位气动噪声进行数值计算,并分析裙板对转向架部位流动与气动噪声性能的影响.基于延迟分离涡模型数值求解Navier-Stokes方程获得近场流场,运用考虑对流效应的Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings方程的声预测程序进行远场声辐射计算.结果表明,由于转向架舱在车体侧墙与底部形成表面不连续结构,流体通过转向架部位时产生了不同尺度和方向的复杂涡结构,上游几何体周围产生的涡向下游传播并与下游几何体相互作用,从而在转向架后端形成高湍流度尾流区.转向架区域外侧安装裙板后,流体与转向架舱的相互作用被削弱.靠近转向架并与车体侧墙平行的可穿透积分面的噪声预测结果显示,裙板可以在较宽频段内有效降低转向架部位的气动噪声.     

农户环保型农药选购的影响因素及其效应研究

利用大样本调研数据,基于计划行为理论框架和结构方程模型,实证检验了农户环保型农药选购行为的影响因素及其效应。本文研究发现,农户环保型农药选购行为主要受到态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和意向等因素影响,而这些因素可由农药杀虫效果、家庭成员期望、农药使用经验和零售商推荐等突显信念进一步解释;同时,农户还普遍存在环保型农药知识贫乏的问题。此外,农户环保型农药选购行为能否实现,不仅受到具有主动性选购意向的直接影响,更受到具有一定程度被动性的知觉行为控制的直接作用,而且后者效应大于前者效应。结论为完善现行农药使用治理制度提供了微观证据支撑。     

玻璃纤维束拉伸力学性能影响参数试验研究

利用MTS万能试验机对不同标距(25,50,100,150,200和300mm)的玻璃纤维束进行了准静态(应变率为1/600s~(-1))拉伸测试.同时,利用Instron落锤冲击系统分别研究了标距为25mm的试样在不同应变率(40,80,120和160s~(-1))和不同温度(25,50,75和100℃)条件下的力学性能.结果表明,玻璃纤维束的拉伸力学性能与标距、应变率和温度具有相关性:杨氏模量随着标距和应变率的增加而增大,但随着温度的增加而减小;拉伸强度随着标距的增加而减小,随应变率的增加而增大,但随着温度的增加却呈先减后增的趋势;峰值应变随着标距增加而减小,但随温度的增加而增大.最后,利用Weibull模型进行统计分析,量化了不同标距、应变率和温度下纤维拉伸强度的随机变化程度,获得的Weibull参数可服务于工程应用.     

Relationship between the specific surface area of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel in a wet-dry acid corrosion environment

The relationship between the specific surface area (SSA) of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel under wet-dry acid corrosion conditions was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion current density first increased and then decreased with increasing SSA of the rust during the corrosion process. The structure of the rust changed from single-layer to double-layer, and the γ-FeOOH content decreased in the inner layer of the rust with increasing corrosion time; by contrast, the γ-FeOOH content in the outer layer was constant. When the SSA of the rust was lower than the critical SSA corresponding to the relative humidity during the drying period, condensed water in the micropores of the rust could evaporate, which prompted the diffusion of O₂ into the rust and the following formation process of γ-FeOOH, leading to an increase of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time. However, when the SSA of the rust reached or exceeded the critical SSA, condensate water in the micro-pores of the inner layer of the rust could not evaporate which inhibited the diffusion of O₂ and decreased the γ-FeOOH content in the inner rust, leading to a decrease of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time.     

Tribological behavior of CrN-coated Cr-Mo-V steels used as die materials

DIN 1.2343 and 1.2367 steels are commonly used as die materials in aluminum extrusion, and single/duplex/multi-coatings enhance their surface properties. The design of an appropriate substrate/coating system is important for improving the tribological performance of these steels under service conditions because the load-carrying capacity of the system can be increased by decreasing the plastic deformation of the substrate. In this study, the tribological behavior of CrN-coated Cr-Mo-V steels (DIN 1.2343, 1.2367, and 1.2999 grades) was investigated using different setups and tribological pairs at room and elevated temperatures. The aim of this study was to reveal the wear resistance of a suggested system (1.2999/CrN) not yet studied and to understand both the wear and the failure characteristics of coated systems. The results showed that (i) among the steels studied, the DIN 1.2999 grade steel exhibited the lowest friction coefficient because it had the highest load-carrying capacity as a result of secondary hardening at elevated temperatures; (ii) at room temperature, both abrasive tracks and adhesive layers were observed on the worn surfaces; and (iii) a combination of chemical reactions and progressive oxidation caused aluminum adhesion on the worn surface, and the detachment of droplets and microcracking were the characteristic damage mechanisms at high temperatures.     

退火温度对Fe_(73.5)Co_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材磁性能的影响

用单辊法制备的宽为20 mm,厚为25μm的Fe_(73.5)Co_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材,绕制成外径为40 mm,内径为25 mm的环型磁芯,再将磁芯进行退火处理。分析了合金带材的晶化行为,研究了退火温度对合金磁芯磁性能的影响。结果表明,淬火态Fe_(73.5)Co_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材为非晶态,一级起始晶化温度T_(x1)为512.8℃,二级起始晶化温度T_(x2)为671.9℃,当退火温度升高到550℃,在非晶基体中析出Fe(Si)软磁相,形成了非晶和纳米晶双相共存结构。当退火温度低于550℃时,随着退火温度的升高,合金磁芯的初始磁导率μ_i和饱和磁感应强度Bs增大,矫顽力Hc减小;当测试频率f和最大磁感应强度Bm不变时,合金磁芯的有效幅值磁导率μ_a增大,比总损耗Ps和交流矫顽力Hc减小;当测试频率f不变时,合金磁芯的电感Ls和品质因数Q增大。     

Biological responses inCaenorhabditis elegans to high magnetic fields

Here we describe a device for testing possible influences of high magnetic fields on biological processes, by which alternating-current magnetic stimuli as high as 1.7 T can be administered. Experiments with a simple multicellular organism, the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, revealed that intermittent exposure to the magnetic fields modestly inhibited the animal's reproduction as well as its post-embryonic development, and caused a marked but transient derangement in its locomotory behavior. Available evidence indicates that alternating high magnetic fields can elicit both chronic and acute biological effects, but that the effects may be well tolerated or compensated for by the living organism.