创新投融资模式制度以缓解山西交通建设资本金约束困境

从探索投融资模式制度创新的角度，为缓解山西交通建设资本金约束困境提供几种思路。     

大学生电子设计竞赛电源类赛题分析

介绍了全国大学生电子设计竞赛中经常出现的电源类题目,分析了历届电源类题目的特点、所涉及的基础知识与制作能力;同时,将电源类题目按时间顺序划分为三个阶段,指出了电源类赛题的出题方向,总结了历届电源类赛题所涉及的主要基础知识与专业技能以及需要关注的电源新技术。     

编辑工作的三个层面与编辑的“解读”

编辑工作既是一种认识活动，又是一种实践活动。作为认识活动，它包括认知和评价两个层次，亦即“解读”和“审鉴”两个层面。修改加，划版校对，退稿处理等，则是一种实践活动，是编辑工作的第三个层面。     

商品林业投融资制度创新的主导力量分析

商品林业投融资制度创新的利益集团分为林业集团和政府部门两大类。分析了两者在制度创新中的角色与地位,提出应结合两种力量,共同推动商品林业投融资制度创新。     

浅谈高校大型仪器设备的管理与应用

探讨了如何通过改革管理体制、规范管理制度、强化措施建设来充分发挥仪器设备的使用效益,使高校的设备仪器更好地为教学和科研服务.     

科学争议治理的三种模型

科学争议治理的主要挑战在于如何克服或缓解专家和公众之间的意见分歧。专家的角色依据在于其拥有特定领域的专长,公众作为争议主题的利益相关者具有声张权益的权利。我们首先讨论科学争议带来的理论挑战,然后分析三种科学争议治理的模型,即柯林斯等基于专长研究提出的知识论模型,基切尔建立在认知分工概念基础上的公共协商模型和安德森提出的公众评估专长的证词模型,最后是对这些模型规范性的几点评论。     

Mathematical understanding and the physical sciences

The author claims to have developed interactional expertise in gravitational wave physics without engaging with the mathematical or quantitative aspects of the subject. Is this possible? In other words, is it possible to understand the physical world at a high enough level to argue and make judgments about it without the corresponding mathematics? This question is empirically approached in three ways: (i) anecdotes about non-mathematical physicists are presented; (ii) the author undertakes a reflective reading of a passage of physics, first without going through the maths and then after engaging with it and discusses the difference between the experiences; (iii) the aforementioned exercise gives rise to a table of Levels of Understanding of mathematics, and physicists are asked about the level mathematical understanding they applied when they last read a paper. Each phase of empirical research suggests that mathematics is not as central to gaining an understanding of physics as it is often said to be. This does not mean that mathematics is not central to physics, merely that it is not essential for every physicist to be an accomplished mathematician, and that a division of labour model is adequate. This, in turn, suggests that a stream of undergraduate physics education with fewer mathematical hurdles should be developed, making it easier to train wider groups of people in physical science comprehension.     

建立政府财政支农资金稳定投入增长机制的建议

当前制约中国全面建设小康社会的最大障碍,不在城市,而在农村。而农村经济的发展需要大量资金的支持。在支农资金的来源渠道中,政府财政支农资金占有很重要的地位。因此,如何建立稳定的政府财政支农资金投入增长机制,是政府财政工作中需要认真对待和研究的问题。     

Clarifying interactional and contributory expertise

This paper discusses the distinction between contributory expertise and interactional expertise developed by Harry Collins and Robert Evans over a series of publications. The distinction has been widely adopted and used to analyze the expertise of different groups of people, such as scientists, journalists and color blind. While the distinction is a fruitful tool to begin thinking about expertise in a more structured way, one also finds substantial inconsistencies and unnecessary vagueness in Collins and Evans' writings. Clarifying these issues will make the distinction an even more useful tool for analyzing expertise in science.     

Expertise revisited,Part II: Contributory expertise

In Part I of this two part paper we tried to elicit the ‘essence’ of the notion of interactional expertise by looking at its origins. In Part II we will look at the notion of contributory expertise. The exercise has been triggered by recent discussion of these concepts in this journal by Plaisance and Kennedy and by Goddiksen.