公路客运系统动态模拟

通过对公路旅客运输需求进行分析，公路客运系统具有复杂性、非线性、互动反馈性和延迟性等特点．针对这些特点，运用系统动力学的原理和方法，构建了公路客运系统动力学模型．运用此模型对旅客周转量进行了长期预测，并对预测结果展开系统分析．     

Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal

ABSTRACT

In sex-role-reversed systems, males carry out all parental care duties, forgoing further mating opportunities. Cases of complete sex-role reversal have not been reported in anurans. We describe the parental care behaviour of the leaf-litter frog Limnonectes palavanensis, a Bornean endemic with egg-guarding and tadpole transport, possibly the first anuran with sex-role reversal. In this study, we tested one of the predictions of the sex-role reversal hypothesis: males invest more in parental care than females do, and this prevents them from quickly acquiring additional mates. We observed egg-guarding behaviour in captivity to determine the length and intensity of parental care. Also, we describe the tadpole climbing and tadpole transport behaviour. We found that males perform all of the parental duties, remaining with the clutch until hatching. They do not call during this time, nor do they care for more than one clutch at a time. Observations of tadpole transport in the field indicate that all tadpoles in the clutch are retrieved at once. The behaviour of males during tadpole retrieval suggests that they stimulate synchronous hatching. Together, these results indicate that the male parental expenditure in this species is high, resulting in lost mating opportunities. The prolonged male-only parental care behaviour of this species satisfies an important criterion for the occurrence of sex-role reversal.     

铁磁半导体/半导体/铁磁半导体异质结中光子辅助量子输运特性

基于有效质量近似和Floquet理论,考虑自旋-轨道耦合和外场驱动作用下,研究铁磁半导体/半导体/铁磁半导体异质结中的量子输运特性.结果表明自旋-轨道相互作用不仅使自旋发生翻转,而且束缚态能级发生劈裂,从而使电导率中出现两个Fano共振峰.势阱两边的磁化强度以及两边磁化强度之间的夹角对自旋翻转和共振位置具有调制作用.     

无线通信技术在智能交通系统中的应用研究

根据智能交通系统的通信特点及其对通信系统的要求，介绍了现代移动通信公司公网的功能特点，阐述了它们应用于智能交通所能发挥的作用，并对组建智能交通系统的通信专网，在无线通信技术应用方面提出了几点建议。     

国际智能交通系统研发热点

 智能交通系统（intelligent transport system,ITS）是现代交通的一项前沿技术,自1994年正式确定名称以来,迄今已发展了20多年。随着前沿技术的发展和出行者需求的变化,ITS领域出现了与以往不同的、特色鲜明的技术方向和研发热点。分析了近期国际ITS研发热点和最新动态,探讨了新一代信息技术带来的智能交通技术变革和热点领域变化,提出了智能交通系统演进的方向和产业方向。对照中国ITS近几年的发展,分析了国内外发展思路的异同以及发达国家研发热点的启示,对智能交通系统发展提出了建议,认为应实事求是地对待国内外的差距和异同、加强智能交通特色技术的研发、建立以产业推动为主的新发展模式等。     

Least dissipation principle of heat transport potential capacity and its application in heat conduction optimization

The heat conduction following the Fourier law widely exists in nature and engineering. Usually, the thermal resistance is applied to evaluating the perform-ance of the heat conduction, i.e. the less resistance corre-sponds to the better performance. Therefore, the heat conduction is often enhanced by means of using high conductivity materials or reducing the thermal contact resistance. The more general performance criterion is the heat duty for the given temperature difference DT, or the temp…     

页岩纳米孔内超临界CO2、CH4传输行为实验研究

了解超临界CO₂、CH₄在页岩纳米孔内传输行为,是研究页岩储层超临界CO₂注入能力、注入后时空分布以及提高页岩气藏采收率的基础。选用渗透率小于100 nD的龙马溪组富有机质页岩基块岩样,利用岩芯流动实验装置,通过监测岩芯入/出口端气体压力与混合气体（CO₂、CH₄）浓度变化,对比了页岩纳米孔内超临界CO₂、CH₄传输能力,分析了传输能力差异的原因。结果表明：页岩纳米孔内超临界CO₂压力传递速率明显小于CH₄,实验结束后岩样入口端二元混合气体组分中CH₄百分含量显著降低,证实页岩纳米孔内超临界CO₂传输能力显著低于CH₄,主要原因是超临界CO₂吸附能力更强、扩散-渗流能力更小以及超高密度特性表现出的非混相、活塞式驱替行为。基于以上认识,选择某些压裂段注入超临界CO₂,而其他压裂段作为生产段,比单井"吞吐"方式（即注入-焖井-开井生产）更有利于驱替置换页岩纳米孔内游离态甲烷。     

平衡输沙条件下非均匀推移质运动特性

考虑床沙特性以及颗粒暴露度对非均匀沙运动的影响,根据滚动平衡关系,提出了非均匀沙起动流速公式,利用实测资料分析了附加阻力系数的特点,并得到其数学表达式.通过对非均匀泥沙颗粒运动方程的分析,导出了非均匀沙临界起动希尔兹参数的数学表达式,从而从理论上解释了非均匀沙颗粒与均匀沙起动的不同之处(粗颗粒较同等粒径均匀沙容易起动,细颗粒则与之相反).分析了非均匀沙颗粒随水流运动的特点,指出非均匀沙颗粒运动与其所处的床面条件具有直接的关系,床面条件不同,运动也将呈现不同的特点.最后建立了平衡输沙条件下非均匀推移质分组输沙率公式,公式的计算值与实测资料吻合较好,并且能够用来计算均匀沙推移质输沙率,具有广泛的通用性.     

气-液-固变相态复杂渗流微观实验研究

利用微观可视化渗流实验对凝析气藏衰竭开发过程的反凝析过程中气-液-固复杂流动的渗流规律进行研究,通过高温、高压条件仿真微观可视化模型模拟地层凝析气-液-固流动,直接观测凝析气、液、固(蜡)相的渗流特征和运移机理. 给出蜡沉积吸附和运移规律,孔隙介质中气- 液-固(蜡)流动规律,气、液、固(蜡)相变化和分布特征. 归纳凝析油流动方式为携带、贴壁爬行、界面流、脉冲流、段塞流、溪状流、连续流、小液滴随大液滴和液流汇聚的运移规律. 提出蜡沉积吸附在多孔介质表面. 一种从气相中析出,直接以片状吸附在多孔介质表面. 另一种是蜡在液相中以絮状物析出并影响液相流动. 固相蜡析出使孔隙结构发生变化,孔隙半径变小,出现气、液、固多相流动,流动阻力增大.     

Pollen transport in the Shiyang River drainage,arid China

In order to assess the contribution of the pollen transported by wind and fluvial flows to the pollen spectra in Shiyang River drainage,a typical small endorheic drainage in arid lands of northwest China, preliminary studies on modern pollen rain along two transects with 91 surface soil samples, 8 atmospheric samples, 30 modern fluvial flow samples and 50 riverbed mud samples, were carried out.Results show that dispersal agents (air, flowing water) have dissimilar effects on transport of pollen and the structure of pollen spectra. Fluvial flow has a stronger capacity thanwind to transport large quantities of pollen over long dis-tances. Pollen transported by fluvial flow makes a large con-tribution to the pollen spectra of riverbed alluvial sediments.Paleoenvironmental reconstructions undertaken using pollen spectra from fluvial sediments in arid lands are strongly influenced by pollen transport. Therefore, the sources, the transportation agents and the depositional condition of pol-len should be systematically investigated before pollen as-semblages are used to derive the environmental significance in such settings.