一种补偿因子区域不变的CS成像算法

为提高星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像的实时性,减小补偿因子的运算量,提出了一种补偿因子区域不变的Chirp Scaling（CS）成像算法. 这种改进的CS算法根据补偿因子的相位误差确定一个更新步长,在每个步长内更新一次补偿因子,即相邻单元内的数据与相同的补偿因子相乘. 利用这种改进的CS算法对点阵目标和实测目标进行了仿真验证,得到的SAR图像质量与传统CS算法的结果相差很小. 这种补偿因子区域不变的CS成像算法在满足精度的前提下使得补偿因子的运算量成倍减小,大大减小了实时成像的压力,能够有效降低星上实时处理系统的规模,从而降低系统功耗.      

Factors affecting the voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） provides a unique method to reveal the integrity of white matter microstructure noninvasively. Voxel-based analysis （VBA）, which is a highly reproducible and user-independent tech- nique, has been used to analyze DTI data in a number of studies. Fractional anisotropy （FA）, which is derived from DTI, is the most frequently used parameter. The parameter setting during the DTI data preprocessing might affect the FA analysis results. However, there is no reliable evidence on how the parameters affect the results of FA analysis. This study sought to quantitatively investigate the factors that might affect the voxel-based analysis of FA; these include the interpolation during spatial normalization, smoothing kernel and statistical threshold. Because it is difficult to obtain the true information of the lesion in the patients, we simulated lesions on the healthy FA maps. The DTI data were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. The FA maps were calculated using DTIStudio. We randomly divided these FA maps into two groups. One was used as a model patient group, and the other was used as a normal control group. Simulated lesions were added to the model patient group by decreasing the FA intensities in a specified region by 5 %- 50 %. The model patient group and the normal control groupwere compared by two-sample t test statistic analysis voxel- by-voxel to detect the simulated lesions. We evaluated these factors by comparing the difference between the detected lesion through VBA and the simulated lesion. The result showed that the space normalization of FA image should use the trilinear interpolation, and the smoothing kernel should be 2-3 times the voxel size of spatially normalized FA image. For lesions with small intensity change, FWE correction must be cautiously used. This study provided an important reference to the analysis of FA with VBA method.     

Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model

Inoperable liver tumors are often treated by thermal ablation that destroys the tumor in situ and spares the adjacent hepatic tissue.Thermal–physical treatment has many advantages,but treatment by freezing or heating alone has some limitations.By taking the advantages and disadvantages of cryosurgery and thermotherapy into consideration,a new thermal technique that combines cryosurgery and radio frequency ablation has been proposed,thereby overcoming the disadvantages of each treatment strategy and improving therapeutic outcomes.This new approach remains to be systematically studied in the liver;therefore,this study was performed to estimate survival after alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model.Sixteen days after VX2 carcinoma implantation into the rabbit liver,tumors were treated with alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy.Rabbits were monitored for 6 months after treatment and assessed with ultrasound(US)and computed tomography at 1,7,14,and 30 days posttreatment.Untreated tumor-bearing animals served as the control group.Our results show that alternate freezing and heating ablation therapy resulted in a good recovery of VX2 rabbits.Compared with the control group,treated rabbits lived significantly longer(P\0.05),with 70%of treated animals surviving to 196 days posttreatment without metastasis or recurrence,while none of the controls did so.There was no local recurrence in the treatment group.All rabbits in the control group developed metastasis,while metastasis was only observed in 30% of treated rabbits.These results suggest that alternate cooling and heating ablation therapy can prolong the survival time of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors and is an effective method for tumor therapy.Furthermore,we also showed in this model that contrast enhanced US is a valid follow-up approach to assess treatment effectiveness.     

时域光学拓扑成像方法的模拟和实验研究

针对现有的以修正的朗伯-比尔定律(modified Lambert-Beer law,MLBL)为理论模型的光学拓扑方法存在量化度不准确的问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘拟合算法的时域光学拓扑成像方法.该方法利用时域扩散方程在半无限空间条件下的解析解和测量曲线实现最佳匹配以计算相邻的源点与探测点之间的待测组织吸收系数变化值.对该时域光学拓扑成像方法进行了一系列的模拟验证,并以基于时间相关单光子计数(time-correlated single photon counting,TCSPC)技术的多通道时间分辨测量系统为平台进行了实验验证.结果表明:所提出的最小二乘拟合算法总体上优于传统的基于经验值光程的MLBL方法.     

利用复合型介质透镜的毫米波成像研究

毫米波焦平面成像技术有广泛的应用前景.本文采用一种复合型介质透镜,将其用于主动式毫米波成像系统,测量了透镜材料的折射率,对金属板进行成像,得到了轮廓较为清晰的图像.     

脑认知功能的理论框架与方法学基础

在回顾80年代以前的一些重大理论并将之归纳为５个理论要点的基础上,综述了近年出现的新理论、新技术和新事实,说明脑认知功能研究正在发生重大历史转折。分析了各研究层次上的新进展和重大难题,包括分子神经生物学、细胞生理学、脑功能系统和网络研究、脑成像技术、心理学研究、认知理论和计算研究。提出以脑能量效率为量纲,沟通不同层次、不同学科的研究工作,并设想了这类跨学科研究的途径和方法,希望通过跨学科研究能形成脑认知功能的新理论。     

X射线编码三维成像重叠噪声的抑制

Ｘ 射线编码三维成像系统中,减少观察层上的重叠噪声是提高图像信噪比的有效方法。该文描述了一种新的解码方法,该方法通过对编码图像在频域进行梳状滤波并在空间重建,可以获得较低重叠噪声的观察层图像。理论分析表明： 所获得的观察层图像的重叠噪声残余能量小于１／ｍ （ｍ为编码图像的数量）。实验中对采用相关解码法和频域梳状滤波法所获得的层析图像进行了比较。结果表明： 采用频域梳状滤波法所获得图像的信噪比要高于采用相关解码法所获得图像的信噪比,与理论分析相符。     

扩展的局部Born近似的广义屏算子分析

三维叠前深度偏移广泛地应用于地下复杂地质体成像。当前工作量较大的三维成像问题一般采用基于射线追踪的克希霍夫积分方法,但该方法在处理复杂构造不足。虽然基于有限差分方法的全方程逆时偏移对存在剧烈横向速度变化的非均匀介质也具有非常好的成像精度,但是,把该方法应用于三维叠前深度偏移需要花费较多的机时和巨大的计算机内存容量;这些要求在目前是不现实的。为了寻求一种既方便快捷又准确可靠的叠前深度偏移方法,于是扩展的局部Born近似的广义屏算子在速度场中等程度横向变化情况下,能较准确地描述地震波场的传播过程,对较复杂的地质构造具有较好的成像效果。且该算子具有稳定、高效的优点。不过扩展的局部Born近似的广义屏算子是条件稳定的。但从稳定性和计算效率角度看,该偏移算子可用于目前复杂地质体叠前深度偏移初期处理。     

眼检光学相干层析成像术

论述了光学相干层析成像(OCT)眼检系统的要求及基本原理,并对OCT眼检关键技术进行了探讨．指出了进一步提高纵向分辨率的方法,给出了OCT眼检装置对人眼视网膜细微结构的成像结果。     

极紫外成像仪实验室仿真实验

地球等离子体层中He+对太阳辐射中的30.4 nm波长的极紫外(EUV,extreme ultraviolet)辐射形成共振散射。由于等离子层中的He+的30.4 nm辐射近似满足光学薄假设,因而其强度反映了He+的柱密度。因此,对地球等离子体30.4 nm极紫外辐射成像可以直接对地球等离子层进行探测,是研究地球空间磁层空间暴的触发机制和物理模型的重要手段,是进行精确磁暴预测、地球空间环境研究、空间天气预报、自然灾害预测等研究的重要途径。极紫外成像仪(EUVI)通过对30.4 nm的He+共振散射分布进行成像,实现对于地球等离子体层的冷等离子体分布进行研究的目的。首先对极紫外成像仪的工作原理以及成像机理进行了简要描述,对其成像过程进行了介绍。之后根据已研制完成的极紫外成像仪原理样机实验室仿真实验情况,对波形发生器仿真实验与实验室光源-探测器成像仿真实验两种实验方式的原理及实验结果进行了分析研究。根据实验结果,进一步验证了极紫外成像仪信号处理系统原理设计的可行性与正确性。同时,根据实验结果中出现的问题,也为对成像仪系统的进一步优化提供方向。