Genetic algorithm-based wide-band deterministic maximum likelihood direction finding algorithm

1 .INTRODUCTIONThe problemof esti mating direction of arriving waveusing array signal processing has wide applications inradar ,sonar ,seismology,astronomy and mobile andsatellite communication system, and has receivedmuch attentionin recent years .But the current liter-ature about direction finding algorithmpays more at-tention to narrow-band signal ,that is to say band-width of signal is far smaller than center frequency ofsignal and so envelop of signal keeps invariant in thesensors of …     

银行系统网络运行现存的若干问题和解决建议

通过对银行系统网络现状的分析，从广域网和局域网两个不同的角度指出了银行现有的网络结构、体系存在的问题及其原因，并提出了较为可行的解决方法，对现在的大型网络系统有普遍的意义。     

活动课与地方课程资源的开发和利用

历史课程标准特别强调要培养学生的实践活动能力，全国各地出版的九年义务教育历史课本，每一种版本都安排了“活动课”，并将作为必修课内容。“活动课”就其教学内容而言，具有极大的开放性，不仅涉及历史课本上的内容，而且涉及到课本以外的教学内容，涉及整个社会现实和学生的生活实践，所以活动课与地方历史课程紧密相关。因此，教师在教学过程中，要充分开发和利用地方历史课程资源，把地方历史课程资源作为“活动课”的教学资源，使“活动课”教学更加丰富多彩，更加贴近学生的生活，充分展示“活动课”的教学功能。     

EQUILIBRIUM ALGORITHMS WITH NONMONOTONE LINE SEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR SOLVING THE TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS

This paper presents a unified bination algorithms （such as FrankWolfe problems. Global convergence results are framework of the nonmonotone convex comAlgorithm） for solving the traffic assignment established under mild conditions. The line search procedure used in our algorithm includes the nonmonotone Armijo rule, the non- monotone Goldstein rule and the nonmonotone Wolfe rule as special cases. So, the new algorithm can be viewed as a generalization of the regular convex combination algorithm.     

Distributed and Parallel Component Library

Software component library is the essential part of reuse-based software development. It is shown that making use of a single component library to store all kinds of components and from which components are searched is very inefficient. We construct multi-libraries to support software reuse and use PVM as development environments to imitate Iargescale computer, which is expected to fulfill distributed storage and parallel search of components efficiently and improve software reuse.     

Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

Systems and organizations: Distal and proximal thinking

The paper introduces the contributions to this special issue ofSystems Practice on Systems and Organizations: New Directions in terms ofdistal andproximal thinking. Distal thinking refers to ready-made concepts, to the finished effects and outcomes of thought and action; proximal thinking, to process and event, to the continuous and unfinished. The papers presented here deal with various aspects of the distal/proximal distinction in social systems and organizations, and especially draw out the implications of recent work in information technology, sociology of technology, accounting theory, and organization studies for a proximal conception of systems and organizations.     

南京椴群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

【目的】 南京椴(Tilia miqueliana)为江苏省重要的乡土树种,野外资源稀缺。南京椴野外群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的探索,可为资源保护、品种选育及遗传改良提供依据。【方法】 以南京椴5个天然群体[江苏宝华山(P1)、牛首山(P2)、安徽皇藏峪(P3)、安徽蜀山(P4)和浙江天台山(P5)]93个体为实验材料,选用15对多态性EST-SSR引物,进行遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析。【结果】 ①用15对引物共检测等位基因数(A)总和为96,平均值为6.4,四倍体基因型(G)和四倍体特异基因型(G_i)总和分别为441和251,特异基因型比率(R₁)和种质鉴别率(R₂)均值分别为45.73%和17.99%。②在5个群体中,每个位点等位基因数(A_loc)和四倍体基因型丰富度均值(G_loc)分别为5.50±2.43和9.41±4.29;平均观测杂合度(H_o)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.61±1.43和0.62±0.14。参考各群体G_loc和H_e值,确定遗传多样性较高的群体为P1和P3。③群体间遗传分化较小,遗传分化系数(G_st)仅为0.030;AMOVA分子变异分析显示,群体多样性水平变异来自于群体内(96%)。④聚类和遗传结构Structure分析显示,5个群体可划分为2组(组1包括P1、P2和P5;组2包括P3和P4)。Mental检验结果表明遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关。【结论】 南京椴群体均具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中宝华山群体和皇藏峪群体多样性较高,群体扩张可能是以这两个种群为中心,经人类活动迁移至其他区域。但南京椴群体间未形成明显分化,主要是由于植株寿命长,群体缺乏自然更新,加之群体间存在人为种子传播。因此,本研究提出通过建立隔离区,明确优先保护群体、加大植株异交,并采用人工繁育及种质回迁的方式保护南京椴野外群体。     

两地点8年生柏木生长性状家系变异及选择

【目的】揭示柏木生长性状的遗传变异规律,为高阶遗传改良筛选优良种质,选择优良家系,及其区域推广奠定基础。【方法】以营建在浙江省开化县林场(KH)和湖北省太子山林场(TZS)两个试验点的8年生柏木优树子代家系为材料,分析其生长性状的遗传变异,估算其育种值、遗传力等参数。【结果】柏木生长性状(树高、胸径和材积)的遗传变异系数为3.08%～13.93%,其中材积的变异最大。子代家系的树高、胸径和材积在地点间差异显著,TZS点的单株材积高于KH点315.79%,且家系与地点间的交互效应显著。胸径、树高和材积具有显著的家系效应,KH和TZS试验点的家系遗传力变幅分别为0.42～0.61和0.58～0.74。KH和TZS试验点分别以单株材积育种值大于CK的10%和45%为标准,各选出6个优良家系,现实增益分别为33.51%和67.95%。利用独立淘汰法,在KH点和TZS点各筛选优良单株17和12株,材积的遗传增益分别为41.38%和40.92%。【结论】8年生柏木优树子代家系生长性状具有较大的遗传改良潜力,但家系与环境的互作效应显著;通过子代家系的遗传评价有助于种子园建园亲本的再选择和现有种子园的...     

基于荧光SSR标记的紫薇遗传多样性分析

【目的】以收集的239份紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)种质和1份黄薇属(Heimia)种质为材料,开展种质种间特征分析和紫薇种内资源的遗传多样性分析,为进一步优化紫薇种质资源收集保存及合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】基于16对荧光引物鉴定样品基因型,利用GeneMarker软件进行基因型数据的读取;对239份紫薇属种质和1份黄薇属种质进行特征位点分析;并利用Popgene、Cervus、NTSYS和GenAlEx软件对227份紫薇种质进行遗传多样性参数估算、聚类分析和主成分分析。【结果】紫薇(L.indica)种内的特征位点信息最为丰富,其中15个引物所体现出的特征位点信息中,紫薇都有其独特的位点区别于其他6个种,而在福建紫薇(L.limii)、川黔紫薇(L.excelsa)和尾叶紫薇(L.caudata)中也有部分特异的特征位点是紫薇中没有的;16对紫薇SSR荧光引物共检测出143个等位基因,平均每个位点有8.938个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.600,Shannon’s信息指数(I)均值为1.459,观测杂合度(H_o)均...