自主飞行器扩展态势评估方法研究

自主飞行器在高度不确定环境下执行复杂作战任务,必须同时兼顾任务完成、战略生存和飞行安全进行自主决策。行为能力等级定量反应了平台健康状态和生存、作战能力,是自主决策的前提和依据,战场威胁级别则反应了外部环境的影响。给出了扩展态势评估的定义,研究了基于贝叶斯网络与模糊逻辑的评估算法,建立了评估模型,构建了自主决策算法,依据扩展态势评估结果进行自主决策,仿真并分析了评估和决策结果,表明方法的有效性。     

飞机结冰包线保护对开环飞行性能影响与仿真

在所有的飞机失事事故中,由于飞机结冰造成的灾难是很重要的因素之一。为了解决飞机结冰后造成的飞机失速迎角减小以及飞行包线萎缩等安全隐患,通过引入结冰参数等,采用一种简化的飞机结冰模型的方法来仿真。仿真计算各种输入或者扰动下,结冰飞机纵向各项性能响应。通过在线计算结冰失速迎角,建立开环状态下飞机包线保护系统,实时反馈失速迎角告警信息以提醒飞行员操作,从而保证飞机飞行的安全。仿真计算表明,该方法行之有效,而且概念清晰,计算简便,可以在实验条件不足的情况下,为仿真研究提供一种良好的方法。

Abstract：

In-flight icing is one of the most important factors for all of the aircraft accident.A brief method was utilized to simulate the aeroplane iced in order to solve the problem which was caused by ice,such as low stall of angle of attack and flight envelope atrophy.All the longitudinal dynamic of aircraft could be got in different input.Ice aircraft envelope protection could provide the pilot with enough time to avoid icing related accidents by calculating the stall limits of angle of attack online.The result of simulation can show that the system is working effectively,furthermore its method is simple and concept is obvious.It provides a good way for simulation research,especially in the condition of experiment lacking.     

串置翼垂直起降无人机过渡机动飞行控制

针对新型串置翼布局推力矢量无人机在垂直起降、过渡机动飞行过程中强非线性、强耦合及控制冗余的问题,采用动态逆控制方法设计全局控制系统,无需针对不同飞行模式切换控制策略。在此基础上,提出二级递进式控制分配策略,将序列二次规划、链式递增方法相结合,对航迹回路和姿态回路的控制量进行综合优化分配。同时,根据任务需求及飞行状态,基于离线数据库在线实时更新直接力控制分配目标函数权值。采用松弛约束策略,局部放宽非线性优化问题约束,增加优化求解速度。仿真结果表明该控制器能够有效跟踪高机动目标航迹。     

Flying insects: model systems in exercise physiology

Insect flight is the most energy-demanding exercise known. It requires very effective coupling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and regeneration in the working flight muscles.³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of locust flight muscle in vivo has shown that flight causes only a small decrease in the content of ATP, whereas the free concentrations of inorganic phosphate (P _i ), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were estimated to increase by about 3-, 5- and 27-fold, respectively. These metabolites are potent activators of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase (PFK). Activation of glycolysis by AMP and P _i is reinforced synergistically by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P₂), a very potent activator of PFK. During prolonged flight locusts gradually change from using carbohydrate to lipids as their main fuel. This requires a decrease in glycolytic flux which is brought about, at least in part, by a marked decrease in the content of F2,6P₂ in flight muscle (by 80% within 15 min of flight). The synthesis of F2,6P₂ in flight muscle can be stimulated by the nervous system via the biogenic amine octopamine. Octopamine and F2,6P₂ seem to be part of a mechanism to control the rate of carbohydrate oxidation in flight muscle and thus function in the metabolic integration of insect flight.Dedicated to Dr. Ernst Zebe, Emeritus Professor of Zoology (University of Münster) on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

自修复飞控系统故障检测与隔离软件系统

介绍了一种自修复飞行控制系统故障检测和隔离实时工程软件系统。该系统是按照软件工程规范,采用等价空间法和残差向量的概率信息融合法研制和开发的,不仅能对飞行控制系统的突变故障———作动器卡死故障和控制舵面损伤故障进行实时检测和隔离,而且具有良好的用户界面。仿真研究表明,该软件系统具有良好的鲁棒性和实时性。     

混合条件/事件Petri网在飞控系统建模中的应用

提出一种混合条件/事件Petri网,以方程和图形两种形式定义了其受控演变规则,该网能够很好地描述一类离散事件和连续演变过程的混合交互现象,并应用于自修复飞行控制过程的建模中,使其离散跳变、连续演变过程以及相互间的交互得到较好的描述与处理,并能将演变结果显化在图形上。     

基于视觉的四旋翼飞行器稳定飞行控制

针对室内四旋翼搭载的常规惯性测量单元采集的速度具有很大误差, 在实际飞行过程中无法定点悬停的问题, 搭建了一套基于视觉的小型室内四旋翼飞行器, 应用串级比例、积分、微分控制算法(PID: Proportion Integral Differential)控制飞行器。实验结果显示, 此方法有效解决了室内或密闭环境下四旋翼在悬停飞行过程中水平漂移的问题, 能使四旋翼飞行器在室内的环境下平稳飞行。     

CMOS图像传感器LVDS驱动器电路设计

为解决在2． 5 V 供电下的LVDS( Low Voltage Differential Signaling) 驱动器处理1． 2 V 数字信号时,由于传统电平转换电路性能较差,且易产生误码的问题,设计了一款应用于CMOS ( Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) 图像传感器芯片的LVDS 接口电路,该芯片中数字电路采用1． 2 V 供电,LVDS 驱动器使用2． 5 V供电。笔者提出两种电平转换电路方案,用于解决该问题。方案1 将1． 2 V 数字信号进行电平转换,再使用D 触发器对转换后的信号进行采样,从而避免误码的产生; 方案2 使用迟滞比较器作为电平转换电路。设计采用TowerJazz 65 nm CMOS 工艺进行流片验证。经过测试,两种方案均有效地解决了LVDS 驱动器误码的问题。     

Adaptive dynamic surface control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicle

This paper describes an adaptive control approach for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle.The control objective is to provide robust altitudes and velocity tracking in the presence of model uncertainties and varying disturbances.A fuzzy-neural disturbance observer is developed to estimate uncertainties and disturbances,and the adaptive controller is synthesized by the dynamic surface approach combing with the observer.The tracking error at the steady state can be guaranteed to converge to inside of a small residue set which the size of the set can be an arbitrary small value.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.     

Predatory habits of the grasshopper-hunting wasp Stizus continuus (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): diet preference,predator–prey size relationships and foraging capacity

In a coastal salt-marsh of Spain, the digger wasp Stizus continuus primarily hunted for grasshoppers of the genus Heteracris, revealing (at least in the period of the study and in this area) this wasp to be almost monophagous. In contrast, grasshoppers of the genus Acrotylus were ignored by the wasps in spite of their high abundance in the environment. We hypothesize that this bias occurred because Acrotylus is found more often on the soil and on grasses, while Heteracris is nearly only found on Sarcocornia bushes, which probably represent the habitat mostly exploited by the wasps for hunting. The greater variance in size of the prey collected by larger females produced weak wasp–prey size correlations. Some wasps were observed to carry in flight prey weighing close to or more than the maximum theoretically possible, suggesting that they have to descend with prey to the nest from the above-soil hunting sites.